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version	line-number	content
179.1	1	(% data-xwiki-rendering-protected="true" %)
178.1	2	= CONTENT =
1.1	3
172.1	4	{{toc/}}
152.2	5
181.1	6	----
	7
177.1	8	= INTRODUCTION =
152.2	9
10.2	10	CENTO is a multifunctional software platform for data collection, processing, and display.
5.1	11	CENTO can be used to build various automated systems, for example: dispatching, control, accounting, diagnostics, etc.
	12	This guide describes the general steps for setting up CENTO software, as well as links to other instructions.
10.2	13
178.1	14	== DEVICES, TAGS, CHANNELS ==
10.2	15
	16	Operations for configuring the CENTO software are performed from the drop-down menu "Settings" (see Fig. 2.1) of the control panel at the top of the CENTO graphical interface.
16.1	17	\\[[image:1762536204394-536.png\|\|height="430" width="212"]]
7.2	18	Fig. 2.1 – Settings drop-down menu
9.2	19
174.1	20	=== Creating a device tree ===
10.2	21
12.1	22	Configuration begins with the creation of a tree of devices (sources of information). The device tree is formed based on the convenience of further work with this tree and can reflect either the structure and names of the places where information sources are installed, or (in the case of small projects) combine information sources and production facilities of the enterprise. This tree is necessary for the subsequent attribution of all sources of information and the information itself to this structure.
	23
	24	To configure the structure, go to the "Devices, tags, channels" page (Settings – Devices, tags, channels) (see Fig. 2.2).
	25
84.1	26	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.07.38.png\|\|height="150" width="1018"]]
15.2	27
18.2	28	Fig. 2.2 – Devices, Tags, Channels Page
15.2	29
18.2	30	By default, CENTO has a "Root Object" preset. Under the root object, you can specify, for example, the name of a company or a separate object. In order to rename a tree element, you need to hover the mouse pointer over it and right-click, and then select "Edit" (see Fig. 2.3). You can also delete an unnecessary object by clicking on the button [[image:1762746580637-301.png]]
15.2	31
	32
47.2	33	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.06.44.png\|\|height="332" width="501"]]
45.2	34
18.2	35	Fig. 2.3 – Editing an object
	36
	37	Attention! There must be no tethered devices in the power facility for removal.
	38
	39
	40	Adding objects in the structure (name of the system or enterprise) is performed by right-clicking (hereinafter referred to as the "RMB") on:
	41
21.2	42	* Selected object in the tree, in which case the new object will be nested;
	43	* In the empty space of a given tree, in this case, the new object will be an independent object in this structure.
18.2	44
21.2	45	The sequence and nesting of objects in the tree can be adjusted by dragging objects by holding down the left mouse button (see Fig. 2.4), as well as by using [[image:1762746645908-483.png]] and [[image:1762746672090-269.png]]selecting the desired object in the tree (see Fig. 2.5).
18.2	46
45.2	47	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.05.39.png\|\|height="213" width="499"]]
23.2	48
	49	Fig. 2.4 – Dragging a New Object Inside the Tree
	50
45.2	51	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.05.00.png\|\|height="407" width="496"]]
23.2	52
	53	Fig. 2.5 – Dragging a New Object Inside the Tree
	54
28.2	55	To select all objects, click on the button [[image:1762746768528-956.png]] , and it will change its appearance to [[image:1762746794500-389.png]]. To reset the selection of all objects in the tree, click on this button again [[image:1762746812138-731.png]]. To collapse the tree, click on , and [[image:1762746841632-572.png]] to expand it [[image:1762746869342-141.png]]. To change the width of the tree, you need to hover over the vertical line, and drag right/left while holding down the click and click.
23.2	56
29.2	57	The search input field [[image:1762746912120-741.png]] allows you to search for information by the name of the tree object, the name of the device, as well as its ID or Code.
	58
	59	Adding and configuring power facilities to CENTO is possible both through the above-described WEB-interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
	60
174.1	61	=== Creating devices ===
29.2	62
31.2	63	You can create new devices (information sources) and edit existing ones on the "Devices, tags, channels" page ("Settings" – "Devices, tags, channels") (see Fig. 2.6).
29.2	64
44.2	65	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.04.03.png]]
31.2	66
	67	Fig. 2.6 – Devices page
	68
	69	On this page, you can perform the following operations:
	70
38.2	71	* Creating a device by clicking the button [[image:1762747055524-817.png\|\|height="22" width="94"]] in the upper right corner of the screen;
	72	* downloading/uploading selected devices to an Excel file by pressing a button [[image:1762747071069-512.png\|\|height="21" width="88"]] , which allows you to configure devices for scanning without uploading the entire configuration on the page from section 3;
36.2	73	* go to the device editing window by left-clicking on the device name or its ID;
	74	* search for an already configured device by selecting in the object tree and searching for devices in these objects manually or through filters in the headers of the device table, where [[image:1762747071070-762.png\|\|height="25" width="30"]] it searches by ID or by Code, depending on the user's choice;
	75	* enabling and disabling device polling by switches in the "Status" column;
	76	* viewing the status of the device and polling it according to the configured protocols;
38.2	77	* copying an untagged device [[image:1762747071070-928.png\|\|height="24" width="24"]] with its tags [[image:1762747071070-641.png\|\|height="25" width="24"]] and deleting devices [[image:1762747071071-408.png\|\|height="23" width="23"]] ;
36.2	78	* filter by category;
	79	* filter by formula;
	80	* filter by device.
31.2	81
38.2	82	Clicking on the button will open the [[image:1762747182802-715.png\|\|height="26" width="110"]] "Create a device" page, where you need to enter the parameters of the new device (see Fig. 2.7).
31.2	83
42.2	84	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.02.13.png]]
40.2	85
42.2	86	Fig. 2.7 – Device Creation Page
	87
40.2	88	In order to edit an already configured device, click on its name on the "Devices" page, which will take you to the "Device Editing" page (see Fig. 2.8).
	89
	90	To speed up the creation of a device group, CENTO has the function of copying devices with all their settings by clicking the button [[image:1762747218001-134.png\|\|height="27" width="27"]] on the "Devices, tags, channels" page (see Fig. 2.6). Next, you need to change the configuration in accordance with the project, also going to the "Edit device" page.
	91
41.2	92	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.01.08.png]]
	93
	94	Fig. 2.8 – Device Editing Page
	95
48.2	96	The "Create Device" window ("Edit Device") consists of 2 blocks. The first block "General settings" has the same view for all devices. In the second block, you are asked to select and enter settings for the device polling protocol. For each device, it is possible to poll according to 2 or more protocols, for example, for electricity meters (polling real-time parameters, downloading archives of accumulated interval values of electricity) (see Fig. 2.8).
	97
	98	The "General settings" block contains the following fields:
	99
60.1	100	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.32.16.png\|\|height="57" width="240"]]
48.2	101
84.1	102	Device name.
48.2	103
66.2	104	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.23.37.png\|\|height="57" width="232"]]
60.1	105
84.1	106	Select a template that corresponds to the selected device from the drop-down list or create a new one using the "+" button.
60.1	107
	108	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.26.11.png\|\|height="58" width="235"]]
	109
84.1	110	Identification number of the device in the system (by default, it is set automatically).
60.1	111
	112	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.27.03.png\|\|height="59" width="240"]]
	113
84.1	114	IP address of the device.
60.1	115
	116	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.28.08.png\|\|height="58" width="240"]]
	117
84.1	118	Serial number (for electricity meters).
60.1	119
	120	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.29.00.png\|\|height="57" width="241"]]
	121
84.1	122	The object to which the device belongs.
60.1	123
	124	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.30.58.png\|\|height="74" width="242"]]
	125
84.1	126	Stores a note on the device.
60.1	127
	128	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.31.47.png\|\|height="57" width="243"]]
	129
84.1	130	Binding the device to the object of the information model.
60.1	131
	132	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.33.17.png\|\|height="29" width="129"]]
	133
	134	Allows you to replace the existing device with a new one, saving the metering data (after clicking, an additional window with instructions pops up, see Fig. 2.9).
	135
	136	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.34.00.png\|\|height="364" width="720"]]
	137
	138	Fig. 2.9 – Window "Replacement of the metering device"
	139
66.2	140	After filling in the required fields, you should click on the "Save" button.
	141
	142	Then, to apply the changes, you need to click the "Update Configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page.
	143
	144	Adding devices and configuring protocols to CENTO is possible both through the above-described WEB-interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
	145
	146	The rules and features of setting up devices and protocols are described in separate commissioning manuals.
	147
	148	After you add a new device, it appears in the device tree on the Devices page. The device name in the tree and in the device table may be preceded by one of the following icons ("statuses"), which are described in Table 2.1.
	149
	150	Table 2.1 – Device status decoding
	151
	152	\|Status Number\|Device Status\|Decoding
	153	\|0\|[[image:1762749353292-521.png]]\|Disabled (device polling disabled in CENTO)
	154	\|1\|[[image:1762749353293-182.png]]\|Normal (the device is connected, tags arrive without errors)
	155	\|2\|[[image:1762749353293-752.png]]\|Data in the device with errors (some tags come with errors or are not polled)
	156	\|3\|[[image:1762749353293-611.png]]\|Device is not available (device polling is enabled, but the device is not responding)
	157	\|4\|[[image:1762749353293-609.png]]\|Tags or channels by device contain data with manual input
	158	\|9\|[[image:1762749353294-893.png]]\|Status Not Available (Status Not Yet Received or Not Available)
	159
174.1	160	=== Set up tags and channels ===
66.2	161
67.2	162	In CENTO software, information is divided into 2 types: tags and channels.
66.2	163
67.2	164	Tags are data, conditionally, "real-time". That is, data collected from sources of information with the lowest possible delays. The frequency of updating the value of each tag depends on the settings you set, the technical features of the data sources, and their capabilities. For example, in dispatching systems, data is updated once per second, but it can be both more frequent and less frequent (for example, it may depend on how much the value itself has changed).
66.2	165
	166	Channels are data used for metering (electricity, other energy resources, operating time, products, etc.). A feature of metering channels is a clearly defined discreteness of information (for example: 1 minute, 3 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, etc.). The value of the channel is recorded as an increment of a value for a given period, averaging for a given period and a value at the end of the period. In metering systems, information is most often transmitted in this form by the data sources themselves (meters, heat calculators, etc.), but accounting channels can also be formed in CENTO itself based on tag values. The use of information in the form of "channels" in accounting allows you to receive information from data sources even in case of failures in communication channels (data can be obtained from the archive after the connection is restored), it is convenient to work with data, and generate various reports.
	167
	168	Tags and accounting channels are configured on the same page "Devices, tags, channels" ("Settings" - "Devices, tags, channels") on the "Tags, channels" tab (see Fig. 2.10).
67.2	169
72.2	170	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.38.04.png]]
	171
	172	Fig. 2.10 – Parameter Description Page
	173
	174	On the "Tags, Channels" tab, when selecting one or more devices, all tags and channels of device data accounting are displayed in a tabular form. In this table, you can perform the following operations for each signal separately:
	175
	176	* Create a tag or channel by clicking [[image:1762749527914-134.png\|\|height="20" width="117"]] the button in the upper right corner of the screen.
	177	* the button [[image:1762749527915-501.png\|\|height="21" width="69"]] allows you to export data on selected tags to an excel table, completely repeating columns and rows from "Tags, channels", while this uploaded file serves only for analysis, not configuration;
	178	* The button [[image:1762749527915-879.png\|\|height="21" width="85"]] allows you to upload/download an Excel file with selected tags, in which you can remove/add tags to specific devices without downloading the entire configuration from the page from section 3 of this manual;
	179	* Go to the tag or channel editing window by clicking the left mouse button on the tag name or its ID;
	180	* viewing the values of tags and channels and going to the graph page of the required parameter by clicking the left mouse button on the value;
	181	* enabling and disabling tag (channel) polling by radio buttons in the "Status" column;
	182	* viewing the status of the tag (channel) and its polling;
	183	* viewing the time of the last update of the tag (channel) survey – the date and time (in the format "yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss") of the last successful receipt of the tag (channel) value (the value of the tag or channel itself may not have changed);
84.1	184	* copying and deleting tags and channels by clicking buttons [[image:1762749562010-279.png\|\|height="25" width="25"]] and [[image:1762749562011-728.png\|\|height="24" width="24"]] respectively.
72.2	185
173.1	186	==== Adding a protocol tag ====
84.1	187
	188	To create a separate tag, click on the "Create Tag" button. This will open the "Tag Polling Creation" page (see Figure 2.11).
	189
	190	To display the protocol settings, you must first select the device (data source). After that, a set of protocols configured for the device will appear in the "Protocol" drop-down list (see p.2.2).
	191
	192	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.42.20.png]]
	193
	194	Fig. 2.11 – Adding a protocol tag
	195
	196	The "Tag Polling Creation" window consists of 4 blocks. The first block "General settings" contains the settings of the protocol that is configured in the device for which the tag is created. The second block contains the settings of the protocol through which the tag is passed (appears when the protocol is selected). The third block contains functions for processing the value of the tag. In the fourth block, the tag settings are configured, which determine the permissible limits of its change and the system's reaction to violation of these limits.
	197
88.3	198	----
	199
84.1	200	The "General settings" block contains the following fields:
	201
	202	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.43.37.png\|\|height="51" width="258"]]
	203
	204	Parameter name (set by the user).
	205
	206	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.44.12.png\|\|height="51" width="257"]]
	207
	208	Selection of the parameter category.
	209
	210	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.45.47.png\|\|height="51" width="257"]]
	211
	212	The alphabetic code of the tag, which can be used instead of ID (it is possible to enter numbers, Latin letters and the symbol _ ).
	213
	214	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.46.25.png\|\|height="51" width="257"]]
	215
	216	The identity address of the parameter. Default is set automatically, and can be changed.
	217
	218	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.47.06.png\|\|height="49" width="125"]]
	219
	220	Units of measurement of the parameter.
	221
	222	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.47.38.png\|\|height="53" width="255"]]
	223
	224	The device from which the parameter is read.
	225
	226	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.49.12.png\|\|height="53" width="258"]]
	227
	228	Protocol used (the list of protocols is formed from the configured protocols for the selected device).
	229
	230	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.49.50.png\|\|height="58" width="98"]]
	231
	232	Affects the appearance of charting on the "Live Data" analysis page, if the tag is analog, then the switch should be like in the picture.
	233
	234	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.50.20.png\|\|height="70" width="254"]]
	235
	236	Stores a note on the tag, does not affect the survey.
	237
	238	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.51.17.png\|\|height="57" width="115"]]
	239
	240	Appears for tags with a protocol, saves the history of changing values. When the "Save to database" function is disabled, tag data is not transferred to the backup server and is not transmitted via the S2S protocol.
	241
	242	Depending on the selected device, the protocol specified when creating the device will be automatically selected in the "Protocol" field.
	243
	244	The rules, description, and specifics of setting up tags in terms of protocols are described in separate setup manuals.
	245
88.3	246	----
	247
85.2	248	The "Processing" block contains the following fields:
	249
85.3	250	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.34.56.png\|\|height="60" width="289"]]
85.2	251
87.2	252	The formula for mathematical processing of the parameter (according to a predetermined formula or the user's formula). Clicking on the "+" opens the window for creating a new formula, which then appears in the list of templates.
85.2	253
87.2	254	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.36.47.png\|\|height="18" width="139"]]
	255
	256	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.37.18.png]]
	257
88.2	258	A field for entering a custom formula, not from the list of templates.
87.2	259
88.2	260	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.41.53.png\|\|height="26" width="158"]]
	261
	262	Button to open help with formulas.
	263
	264	----
	265
	266	The "Setpoints" block contains settings for the following limits:
	267
	268	* upper physical limit
	269	* a lower physical limit
	270	* upper emergency limit
	271	* lower emergency limit
	272	* upper warning limit
	273	* Lower warning limit.
	274
90.2	275	----
88.3	276
90.2	277	Each of the above limits has the following settings:
88.3	278
90.2	279	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.44.56.png\|\|height="66" width="49"]]
	280
	281	Enabling/disabling value control.
	282
91.2	283	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.45.38.png\|\|height="66" width="111"]]
90.2	284
91.2	285	Limit value in units specified by the tag.
	286
93.2	287	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.46.31.png\|\|height="66" width="111"]]
91.2	288
93.2	289	Exposure time in milliseconds before the setpoint is triggered.
91.2	290
93.2	291	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.47.13.png\|\|height="66" width="111"]]
	292
	293	Enabling/disabling the acknowledgment of the event that occurs when the setpoint is triggered.
	294
	295	To save the tag settings, click the button [[image:1762753677285-432.png]]
	296
93.3	297	Then, to apply the changes, you need to click the "Update Configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page.
	298
	299	Adding tags to CENTO is possible both through the above-described web interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
	300
	301	The rules and specifics for setting up tags for different protocols and devices are described in separate configuration guides.
	302
173.1	303	==== Add a calculation tag ====
93.3	304
	305	If you select the "No log" item in the "Tag Polling Description" window (see Fig. 2.11) in the "Log" field, a calculated tag will be created, the value of which can be formed based on the transformation of other tags.
	306
	307	The value of the calculated tag is determined by the formula entered in the "Value Processing Formula" field (see Fig. 2.11) or by the Custom Formula (see Fig. 2.12). Examples of formulas are given under the Value Processing Formula field. The available features are also listed in Table 2.1 of this manual.
	308
	309	For calculation tags, setpoints can be configured in the same way as tags with protocols.
94.2	310
	311	After filling in the required fields, you should save the changes by clicking the button [[image:1762753769568-573.png\|\|height="23" width="60"]]. Then, to apply the changes, you need to click the "Update Configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page.
	312
	313	Adding calculation tags to CENTO, as well as other configuration elements, is possible through the above-described web interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
	314
173.1	315	==== Setting up calculation formulas ====
101.1	316
	317	For calculated tags (see section 2.3.2), different processing formulas are used. If you use the same type of formulas for a number of tags, you should make a description of these formulas so that you can use them to process any required tag.
	318
	319	You can add new formulas and adjust existing formulas on the Tag Polling Description page (Settings – Devices, Tags, Channels, Tags, Channels tab).
	320
	321	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.51.34.png\|\|height="251" width="253"]]
	322
	323	Fig. 2.12 – Editing Formula Templates
	324
	325	To adjust the existing formula, you should:
	326
	327	* click on the "Template" field to open the list of available formula templates and use the mouse wheel to find the desired formula (see Fig. 2.12)
	328	* hover over it until the "edit" and "delete" symbols appear [[image:1762753922390-602.png\|\|height="21" width="168"]]
	329	* if the template needs to be deleted, click on the "Delete" icon
	330	* if the template needs to be corrected, click on the "Edit" icon
	331	* The Edit Formula window opens (see Figure 2.13), where you can change the name of the formula in the Name field, and you can change the formula itself in the Formula field. There is also a hint with examples in the window
	332	* To save the changes, click the button [[image:1762753922390-303.png\|\|height="21" width="55"]]
	333
	334	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.53.06.png\|\|height="607" width="397"]]
	335
	336	Fig. 2.13– Edit Formulas Page
	337
	338	To add a new formula, on the Tag Polling Description page, click the button [[image:1762754032495-106.png\|\|height="25" width="27"]]
	339
	340	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.54.20.png\|\|height="600" width="402"]]
	341
	342	Fig. 2.14– Formula Creation Page
	343
	344	On the "Formula Creation" page that opens (see Fig. 2.14), you need to enter the name of the new formula and the formula itself in the "Formula" field.
	345
	346	In the expression of the formula, arithmetic operations, conditions, calls of mathematical and special functions, etc., are allowed.
	347
	348	The functions used in the formulas are described in Table 2.2.
	349
	350	Table 2.2 – Functions used in formulas.
	351
	352	\|Function\|Description\|Use\|Result
	353	\|Bit\|Returns the value of a single specified bit\|Bit(4,2)\|1
	354	\|Bits\|Returns the value of multiple specified bits\|Bits(12,2,2)\|3
	355	\|if\|Returns a value based on whether or not a specified condition is met.\|if(3-2 = 1, 'value is true', 'value is false')\|'value is true'
	356	\|(% rowspan="2" %)Pow\|(% rowspan="2" %)Returns a value raised to the specified power.\|Pow(3, 2)\|9
	357	\|Pow([dev-101-ea_imp],2)\|(((
	358	Dev-101-ea_imp=6
	359
	360	36
	361	)))
	362	\|(% rowspan="2" %)Round\|(% rowspan="2" %)Rounding a value to the nearest integer or a certain number of decimal places.\|Round(3.222, 2)\|3.22
	363	\|Round([dev-101-ea_imp],1)\|(((
	364	Dev-101-ea_imp=6.66
	365
	366	6.6
	367	)))
	368	\|agg\|Aggregates all tag values per interval by function. The result publishes to the timestamp of the end of the interval\|agg(mean, ti42, 3m) - average of tag 42 over 3 minutes\|35
	369	\|Abs\|Returns the modulus //of a number//.\|ABS(-1,234)\|1,234
	370	\|sign\|Returns the sign of a //number// in the form 1~\|0 ~\|-1.\|sign(-1,234)\|-1
	371	\|Sqrt\|Returns the square root of a given number\|Sqrt(4)\|2
	372	\|rndfloat\|Returns a random real number from the range [0.0,1.0]\|rndfloat()\|0.123
	373	\|rndintn\|Returns a random integer from the range [0,n]\|rndintn(5)\|3
	374	\|split\|Splits a //row// by a given //separator// and returns a substring by //index//\|split("02-01-2006 15:04",' ',1)\|"15:04"
	375	\|parsetime\|Returns the number of seconds since the beginning of the Unix epoch according to //the format// from //the string//\|parsetime('yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss', "2017-05-26 15:58:30")\|1495814310
	376	\|Time\|Returns the current time in the specified format\|time('dd.MM.yyyy HH:mi:ss')\|16.04.2020 01:41:07
	377	\|Unixepochformat\|Converts the date from //seconds// since the beginning of the Unix era to a given //format//\|Unixepochformat(1495814310, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss')\|2017-05-26 15:58:30
	378	\|acos\|Returns the arccosine of the //number//.\|acos(0)\|90
	379	\|asin\|Returns the arc sine of //the number//.\|asin(1)\|90
	380	\|atan\|Returns the arctangent of the //number//.\|atan(1)\|45
	381	\|atan2\|Returns the arctangent for the specified //x// and //y coordinates//.\|atan2(1, 0)\|90
	382	\|cos\|Calculates the cosine of a //number//.\|COS(60)\|0.5
	383	\|pi\|Returns the value of Pi.\|pi()\|3.141592653589793
	384	\|sin\|Calculates the sine of a //number//.\|sin(30)\|0.5
	385	\|tan\|Calculates the tangent of the //number//.\|tan(45)\|1
	386	\|First_1h, First_1d, First_1mon\|Returns the value of the tag increment at the beginning of the current hour, day, and month\|First_1h(ti10101)\|32.26
	387	\|(% rowspan="4" %)ticker(<spacing>, <expression1>, <expression2(optional)>)\|(% rowspan="4" %)(((
	388	Executes expression1 when the interval is triggered, or expression2 otherwise. Expression2 may be missing. In this case, the calculation will be made only at the moment of triggering the interval.
	389
	390	The interval can be set as a number - periodicity in seconds, or as a string in quotation marks - cron rule.
	391
	392	If the formula contains prev, then you need to run the ticker using manual input and then reset it.
	393	)))\|ticker(3, if(ti2==1, prev5+3, prev5)) - ti2 set counter to 1, which is updated every 3 seconds\|60 sec
	394	\|ticker("0 0 8 * * *", 0, prev5+ti2-prev2) - accumulate tag changes with id 2 with a reset to 0 every day at 8 am\|(((
	395	at 7:59 – ticker = 100 sec.
	396
	397	at 8:00 – ticker = 0 sec.
	398	)))
	399	\|(((
	400	ticker("0 0 0 * * *", ti2, prev1) - the accumulation of tag changes from id 2 at the beginning of the day.
	401
	402	In this formula, you can specify //a specific time, as well as the day, month, and days of the week.//
	403	)))\|(((
	404	If at 00:00:00 ti2=120 minutes, then the ticker during this day will be equal to 120 minutes.
	405
94.2	406
101.1	407	)))
	408	\|(((
	409	ticker("0 0 0 1 * *", ti2, prev1) - accumulation of tag changes from id 2 at the beginning of the month.
	410
	411
	412	)))\|(((
	413	If on the 1st day of the month at 00:00:00 ti2=200 minutes, then the ticker during this month will be 200 minutes.
	414
	415
	416	)))
	417
101.2	418	Permissible variable designations in formulas are given in Table 2.3.
101.1	419
101.2	420	Table 2.3 – Designation of variables in formulas.
101.1	421
101.2	422	\|Variable\|Description
	423	\|[val]\|Current value of the telemeter from BDRV
	424	\|[x1], [x2], ...\|The binding of these variables is determined when describing the calculated parameters in the "Parameters" column.
	425	\|(((
	426	[tiN],
101.1	427
101.2	428	where N is the serial number of the TI
	429	)))\|The meaning of telemetering from the BDRV
	430	\|(((
	431	[devstatusN],
	432
	433	where N is the device number (ID)
	434	)))\|Device status (0 – disabled in the configuration; 1 – normal; 2 – at least one TUE has abnormal quality (out of bounds or error in the formula); 3 – device polling error (device is not available); 4 – manual input is present in the tags or channels of the device, 9 – no status).
	435	\|(((
	436	[devprevstatusN] or [prevdevstatusN]
	437
	438	where N is the device number (ID)
	439	)))\|Previous device status (0 – disabled in the configuration; 1 – normal; 2 – at least one TUE has abnormal quality (out of bounds or error in the formula); 3 – device polling error (device not available); 4 – manual input is present in the tags or channels of the device, 9 – no status).
	440	\|(((
	441	[prevN],
	442
	443	where N is the serial number of the TI
	444	)))\|Previous Value of Telemeter from BDRV
	445
173.1	446	==== Configuring calculation channels ====
101.2	447
113.2	448	CENTO has the ability to create calculated accounting channels. A calculated channel can be created either based on the values of other channels or on the basis of tag values. In order to create a calculation channel, you need to go to the link "Settings" - "Devices, tags, channels" - "Calculation channels" (see Fig. 2.15).
	449
	450	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.58.58.png]]
	451
	452	Fig.2.15 – List of calculation channels
	453
	454	On the "Billing channels" tab, when you select one or more devices, all billing channels for metering these devices are displayed in a tabular form. In this table, you can perform the following operations for each parameter separately:
	455
	456	* Create a channel by pressing a button [[image:1762754384286-528.png\|\|height="24" width="121"]] and [[image:1762754384287-151.png\|\|height="26" width="114"]] in the upper right corner of the screen.
	457	* Go to the channel editing window by left-clicking on the tag name or tag ID.
	458	* View channel values and go to the graph page of the required parameter by clicking the left mouse button on the value.
	459	* enabling and disabling channel polling by switches in the "Status" column.
	460	* viewing the status of the settlement channel.
	461	* viewing the time of the last update of the tag (channel) poll – the date and time (in the format "yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss") of the last successful receipt of the tag (channel) value (the tag or channel value itself may not have changed).
	462	* copying and deleting channels by pressing buttons [[image:1762754384287-453.png\|\|height="21" width="21"]] and [[image:1762754384287-190.png\|\|height="22" width="22"]] respectively
	463	* preliminary check of the formula [[image:1762754384287-268.png\|\|height="27" width="26"]]
	464	* filter by category
	465	* filter by formula
	466	* filter by device.
	467
	468	More detailed use of calculation channels is described in the "Guide to setting up accounting channels".
	469
180.1	470	= CONFIGURING CENTO VIA EXCEL =
113.2	471
	472	The CENTO software provides the ability to configure the system via Excel files. The interface of this functionality is located on the Downloading/Uploading Configuration Files page (Menu item "Settings" – "Configuration Files"). (see Fig. 3.1).
	473
	474	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.02.21.png]]
	475
	476	Fig. 3.1– Download/Upload Configuration Files Page
	477
	478	With the help of Excel files, you can configure:
	479
	480	1. Devices (also device tree and device types);
	481	1. Tags and channels;
	482	1. Events;
	483	1. Information model (classes, elements, reference books);
	484	1. Telecontrol Lock Conditions;
	485	1. Accounting Channels.
	486	1. Tabular data directories.
	487	1. Alarm event recorders.
	488
	489	A .xlsx file with strictly defined tabs and columns is uploaded from this page with a single button. File correction is possible both through Excel and through other programs that work with the .xlsx table format, for example, LibreOffice. With another button, these files are uploaded to the server. After downloading, you need to apply the changes made by clicking the "Update configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page, as in Fig.3.2.
	490
	491	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.03.16.png\|\|height="248" width="232"]]
	492
	493	Fig. 3.2– Update Configuration Button
	494
	495	In addition to the web interface, power facilities and device types can be edited through the "Devices" table. On the first tab "List of objects" there is a table as in Figure 3.3
	496
	497	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.04.17.png\|\|height="194" width="384"]]
	498
	499	Fig. 3.3 – Table "List of objects"
	500
	501	The Object ID column contains unique numbers of the enterprise's power facilities. Their names are displayed in the "Object name" column. The "Parent Object ID" column determines where the power object will be located in the object tree, and if the cell is empty, then the object will lie at the root of the tree. Thus, the table shown in Figure 3.3 corresponds to the tree shown in Figure 3.4.
	502
	503	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.05.26.png\|\|height="300" width="238"]]
	504
	505	Fig. 3.4 – Tree of power facilities
	506
	507	The "Sorting" field determines where objects belonging to the same "parent" will be located relative to each other.
	508
	509	Adding new power facilities is carried out taking into account the ID of existing objects in the table. Object IDs must not be repeated.
	510
	511	The Device Types tab displays the device types available on the server (see Figure 3.5).
	512
	513	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.06.17.png\|\|height="286" width="268"]]
	514
	515	Fig. 3.5 – Table "Device Types"
	516
	517	The ID column of the device type displays the unique number of the device type, and the name column displays its name. To add new types, you must follow the numbering.
	518
	519	Editing other tabs in the Devices table and the Tags and Channels file is described in the setup guides for specific protocols and device types.
	520
	521	Setting up Events files is described in the Event System Configuration Guide.
	522
	523	The "Information Model Classes", "Information Model Elements" and "Information Model References" files are configured according to the "Information Model Setup Guide".
	524
	525	The rules for filling in the file "Telecontrol lock conditions" can be found in the "Remote Control Lock Settings Guide".
	526
	527	Working with accounting channels is described in the "Guide to setting up accounting channels".
	528
	529	The "Logger Settings" file is configured according to the "Alarm Event Recorder Configuration Guide".
	530
	531	"Tabular data references" are used in the mode calculation module, so their settings are specified in the "Mode Calculation Module Setup and Operation Manual".
	532
180.1	533	= EVENTS =
113.2	534
	535	"Events" in CENTO are designed to increase the observability of the system by tracking changes in the state of process equipment, recording changes in the event log and alerting users.
	536
	537	Events help personnel to respond in a timely manner to changes in the technological process and system operation.
	538
	539	* Event settings are located in the "Event Editor" menu item (see Fig. 4.1). Events that are configured on this page are included in the archive log of technological events, as well as in the operational log. For a more detailed description of the Event Editor page and how to configure technology events, see the Event System Setup Guide.
	540
114.2	541	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.07.47.png\|\|height="376" width="319"]]
	542
	543	Fig. 4.1 – Event Menu
	544
	545	* In the CENTO software, it is possible to notify users about the occurrence of events by e-mail in the "Notifications" menu item, the description and configuration of this functionality are described in the "Event System Configuration Guide".
	546	* In the "Sound Editor" menu, it is possible to upload files for sound notification of the occurrence of an event, the setting is also indicated in the "Event System Setup Guide".
	547
180.1	548	= MNEMONICS =
114.2	549
119.2	550	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.13.04.png\|\|height="403" width="658"]]
115.2	551
	552	Fig. 5.1 – Mnemonics
	553
	554	All mnemonic diagrams are developed in the built-in editor, which is located in the menu item "Mnemonics Diagrams" ("Settings" - "Mimic Diagrams" (see Fig. 5.1)). Available for viewing by the User are located in the tree of active mnemonic diagrams by clicking on the main menu of the CENTO software under the item [[image:1762755230293-190.png\|\|height="21" width="120"]]
	555
	556	Mimic diagrams display data from the polled devices, their tags and channels, in various forms of display (graphs, tables, reference information, animations of graphic elements, etc.).
	557
	558	More detailed use of mnemonic diagrams, their creation and configuration are described in the "Guide to the development of mnemonic diagrams".
	559
180.1	560	= INFORMATION MODEL =
115.2	561
	562	An information model is a tool for describing the object of automation (physical objects, equipment, processes, etc.). The information model allows you to reflect the structure and consolidate information on each created object in the form of attributes (measurements, reference values, regulatory documentation, etc.). The information model is widely used in CENTO: to simplify the configuration of large systems, to implement various functions, to differentiate rights by objects.
	563
	564	The IM can be configured in the web editor "Information Model Editor" (see Fig. 6.1).
116.2	565
119.2	566	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.15.02.png\|\|height="397" width="1060"]]
116.2	567
	568	Fig. 6.1 – Information Model Editor Page
	569
117.2	570	With the help of this editor, directories, classes, and objects of the Information Model are created.
116.2	571
	572	For a detailed description of how to set up an information model, see the Information Model Setup Guide.
	573
180.1	574	= SYSTEM SETTINGS =
117.2	575
	576	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.16.25.png]]
	577
	578	Fig.7.1 – Menu "System"
	579
118.2	580	The CENTO software administrator has access to settings from the "System" menu item, as shown in Figure 7.1.
117.2	581
118.2	582	1. Menu Editor – allows you to configure the CENTO main menu (see the "Administration Guide. Menu Editing").
	583	1. User rights - configure access to various sections and interfaces of CENTO (see "Guide to setting up access rights").
	584	1. System information – contains information about active modules, the number of tags/channels used, as well as the services installed on the server.
	585	1. Mail servers are used to receive and send information through mail servers (event-based notifications, xml layouts). Fig.7.2 shows an example of configured outgoing and incoming mail servers.
117.2	586
118.2	587	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.17.36.png]]
	588
119.2	589	Fig.7.2 – Setting up mail servers
118.2	590
120.2	591	To create a server, click [[image:1762755556265-323.png\|\|height="24" width="85"]] in the upper right part of the interface. After that, a page for creating a mail server will open, see Fig.7.3.
119.2	592
120.2	593	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.19.52.png\|\|height="378" width="512"]]
119.2	594
120.2	595	Fig.7.3 – Creating a mail server
119.2	596
120.3	597	* "Name" - the name of the mail server is written
	598	* "Status" - enable/disable
	599	* "Protocol" - if you select SMTP, an outgoing mail server will be created, and for POP3 and IMAP protocols, an incoming mail server will be created
	600	* "Sender's address" - the sender's e-mail address
	601	* "Server" - the address of the server
	602	* "Port" - connection port
	603	* "User Name" means the user's name
	604	* "Password" - the password of the mail
	605	* "Use SSl/TLS" - enable/disable communication encryption
120.2	606	* "Use authentication" - depends on the settings of the mail server, enabled if the type of authorization with authentication is configured.
	607
121.2	608	5. System Settings – allows you to configure:
120.2	609
120.3	610	* depth of storage of tag values/flexible reports/system log/technological log (see Fig. 7.4), after the expiration of the depth period, the data will be deleted from the database:
120.2	611
122.2	612	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.22.12.png\|\|height="242" width="632"]]
120.2	613
121.2	614	Fig.7.4 – Setting the storage depth
120.3	615
122.2	616	* change the language of the system (see Fig.7.5) After changing the language, the language in the CENTO interfaces will be changed (except for the information entered by the user himself when configuring the system, for example: names of devices, tags, symbols on mnemonic circuits, etc.)
	617
126.2	618	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.23.20.png\|\|height="214" width="972"]]
122.2	619
	620	Fig.7.5 – Selection of the system language
	621
123.2	622	* server redundancy and backup of configuration/live data of tags and accounting channels/logs/reports (see "Backup Guide");
	623	* To change the row height for all tables in the CENTO interfaces, see Figure 7.6:
	624
126.2	625	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.24.28.png\|\|height="217" width="974"]]
123.2	626
	627	Fig.7.6 – Adjusting rows in interface tables
	628
	629	* Changing the start page of the system.
	630
	631	To apply the changes, you need to refresh the browser page.
	632
180.1	633	= TRANSFER KITS =
124.2	634
	635	A number of methods are provided for the transfer of information (tags, channels) from CENTO to third-party systems:
	636
	637	* Transmission via IEC-60870-5-104 protocol (tags);
	638	* Transmission via MODBUS TCP (tags);
	639	* Transfer to third-party MS SQL or MySQL databases (channels);
	640	* Transmission of electricity metering data in the form of XML files (channels);
	641	* Transmission via the OPC UA protocol (tags, channels);
	642	* Transfer via API (tags, channels, device trees, objects, information model attributes, etc.)
	643
	644	Data transfer via the OPC UA protocol and API does not require additional settings and is available after the installation of the appropriate modules in the system.
	645
152.7	646	Data transfer by other methods is carried out through the so-called Transmission Sets. Setting up Sets for transfer is located in the "Set Editor" (see Fig. 8.1) and the procedure for working with this interface is described in more detail in the "Guide to setting up sets for transmission".
124.2	647
126.2	648	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.26.20.png\|\|height="174" width="990"]]
124.2	649
152.7	650	Fig.8.1 – Set Editor
125.1	651
180.1	652	= LIGHTING CONTROL =
125.1	653
127.2	654	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.28.49.png\|\|height="174" width="695"]]
	655
152.7	656	Fig.9.1 – Lighting control
127.2	657
152.7	658	The "Lighting Control" page (see Fig. 9.1) ("Settings" - "Lighting Control") is used to enable/disable lighting objects from the "Lighting Control Module" schedule. The operation of this module is described in the "Lighting Control Module Setup Guide".
127.2	659
180.1	660	= TOOLING =
127.2	661
	662	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.29.51.png\|\|height="354" width="291"]]
133.2	663
152.7	664	Fig.10.1 – Tools menu
133.2	665
152.7	666	The CENTO software administrator has access to settings from the "Tools" menu item, as shown in Figure 10.1:
133.2	667
152.7	668	~1. Monitoring – allows you to view the list of installed services in a tabular form (see Fig.10.2), there are filters in the Name and Status columns [[image:1762756224414-911.png]] , and sorting buttons in others [[image:1762756224415-121.png]] . Also, data on services can be viewed in a graphical representation on the tab [[image:1762756224415-521.png]] (see Fig.10.3). Data can be downloaded by clicking a button [[image:1762756224415-118.png\|\|height="24" width="97"]] to a .xlsx file (see Fig.10.4), for a certain period of time selected in the calendar [[image:1762756224415-292.png\|\|height="24" width="254"]]
133.2	669
149.2	670	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.31.16.png]]
	671
152.7	672	Fig.10.2 – List of services in tabular form
149.2	673
	674	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.32.04.png]]
	675
152.7	676	Fig.10.3 – Service schedules
149.2	677
	678	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.32.34.png\|\|height="401" width="348"]]
	679
152.7	680	Fig.10.4 – Metrics in excel
149.2	681
152.7	682	In addition to information about the operation of services, in this interface, you can view data on Users who use CENTO Software (see Fig. 10.5).
149.2	683
	684	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.33.14.png]]
	685
152.7	686	Fig.10.5 – Users in CENTO software interfaces
149.2	687
	688	This page displays information about Users who have used the CENTO software interfaces with the ability to search [[image:1762756421096-660.png]] by and sort [[image:1762756421096-718.png]] :
	689
	690	* User name – displays the name of the user logged in;
	691	* Login – the authorization login is displayed;
	692	* Role – the roles assigned to the user are displayed;
	693	* IP address - network address of the user's workplace;
	694	* Connection time – the connection time is displayed in the format "yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss";
	695	* Disconnection time - displays the time of disconnection of the user from the system in the format "yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss";
	696	* Actions – contains a button [[image:1762756421096-315.png]] – "end all user sessions";
	697	* The Log button opens the System Events log with a filter of user connections and disconnections.
	698
	699	2. Server Reservation – This item displays information about server reservations, the interface is described in the "Backup Guide".
	700
152.7	701	3. Applications —Provides access to additional applications that can be used on the system. This is currently the "CENTO Client" (see Figure 10.6)
149.2	702
	703	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.34.57.png\|\|height="254" width="627"]]
	704
152.8	705	Fig.10.6 – Appendices
149.2	706
	707	The application is installed on the user's workplace. Allows you to work with CENTO without using a browser. After downloading the application for a certain type of operating system, it is necessary to run the file and enter the IP address of the server, after which the User gets to the authorization page, as without using this application.
	708
180.1	709	= OTHER SETTINGS IN INTERFACES =
149.2	710
180.1	711	== Analysis of real-time data ==
149.2	712
152.8	713	On the page "Analysis of operational data" ("Analysis" - "Operational data") there is a tab "Time" (Fig. 11.1), which is designed for time control on devices capable of transmitting their internal time to CENTO. In order for such devices to appear in the interface, time is collected from them into a tag with a name, for example, "Device time" in a string in the format YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS. Next [[image:1762756612986-850.png\|\|height="24" width="25"]] , the system will find all tags with this name and compare the time specified in them with the time of the last polling of the device. The difference will be displayed in the right column and will give the User an understanding of how many seconds the time of the device differs from the server time.
149.2	714
	715	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.37.36.png\|\|height="352" width="806"]]
	716
152.8	717	Fig. 11.1 – Analysis of live data, "Time" tab
149.2	718
180.1	719	== Analysis of metering data ==
149.2	720
152.8	721	On the page "Analysis of Metering data" ("Analysis" - "Metering Data"), in the Devices and Objects trees, it is possible to remove the tree levels (see Fig. 11.2) to display the path of the linked device in the table header (see Fig. 11.3) in the configuration window called by the button [[image:1762756705490-371.png\|\|height="30" width="31"]] that is available to the User with the Administrator role. These settings are applied to all users.
149.2	722
	723	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.38.55.png\|\|height="81" width="181"]]
	724
152.8	725	Fig. 11.2 – Setting the Display of Tree Levels
149.2	726
	727	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.39.58.png\|\|height="279" width="809"]]
	728
152.8	729	Fig. 11.3 – Display Tree Levels According to Setting
149.2	730
180.1	731	== Logs ==
149.2	732
	733	In any event log ("Logs" - "Technological Events" - "Video Cameras" - "Oscillograms" - "Power Quality" - "Device Events" - System Events - "All Events") it is possible for the User with the Administrator role to change the width of columns by hovering over their borders and dragging them left/right. This appearance display will apply to all Users.
	734
152.8	735	[[image:1762756832283-936.png]] - Log display configuration button (down left corner). By default, it is present only in the User interface with Administrator rights. Clicking this button opens a pop-up window (Fig. 11.4), in which the User sets the height of the rows in the log, the method of displaying the paths to the device and the IM object: chooses how many levels to display starting from the device or hide starting from the root of the tree, the same choice with the tree of objects of the information model. Selects the alignment in the columns (centered, left, or right). It also edits the display/hiding of columns and their placement relative to each other by dragging and dropping the icon [[image:1762756832283-360.png]]
149.2	736
	737	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.41.27.png\|\|height="613" width="429"]]
	738
152.8	739	Fig. 11.4 – Configure Log Display
149.2	740
180.1	741	= BASIC CONCEPTS AND ABBREVIATIONS =
149.2	742
	743	DB – database;
	744
	745	Real-Time Database
	746
	747	Software – software;
	748
	749
151.1	750	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.45.17.png]]