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1 {{toc/}}
2
3 (% data-xwiki-rendering-protected="true" %)
4 = **CONTENT** =
5
6 1. Introduction
7
8 2. Devices, tags, channels
9
10 2.1. Creating a device tree
11
12 2.2. Creating devices
13
14 2.3. Set up tags and channels
15
16 2.3.1. Adding a protocol tag
17
18 2.3.2. Add a calculation tag
19
20 2.3.3. Setting up calculation formulas
21
22 2.3.4. Configuring calculation channels
23
24 3. Configuring CENTO via Excel
25
26 4. Events
27
28 5. Mnemonics
29
30 6. Information model
31
32 7.  System settings
33
34 8. Transfer kits
35
36 9. Lighting control
37
38 10. Tooling
39
40 ~11. Other settings in interfaces
41
42 11.1. Analysis of real-time data
43
44 11.2. Analysis of metering data
45
46 11.3. Logs
47
48 12. Basic concepts and abbreviations
49
50 ----
51
52 = **INTRODUCTION** =
53
54 CENTO is a multifunctional software platform for data collection, processing, and display.
55 CENTO can be used to build various automated systems, for example: dispatching, control, accounting, diagnostics, etc.
56 This guide describes the general steps for setting up CENTO software, as well as links to other instructions.
57
58 == ** DEVICES, TAGS, CHANNELS** ==
59
60 Operations for configuring the CENTO software are performed from the drop-down menu "Settings" (see Fig. 2.1) of the control panel at the top of the CENTO graphical interface.
61 \\[[image:1762536204394-536.png||height="430" width="212"]]
62 Fig. 2.1 – Settings drop-down menu
63
64 == Creating a device tree ==
65
66 Configuration begins with the creation of a tree of devices (sources of information). The device tree is formed based on the convenience of further work with this tree and can reflect either the structure and names of the places where information sources are installed, or (in the case of small projects) combine information sources and production facilities of the enterprise.  This tree is necessary for the subsequent attribution of all sources of information and the information itself to this structure.
67
68 To configure the structure, go to the "Devices, tags, channels" page (Settings – Devices, tags, channels) (see Fig. 2.2).
69
70 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.07.38.png||height="150" width="1018"]]
71
72 Fig. 2.2 – Devices, Tags, Channels Page
73
74 By default, CENTO has a "Root Object" preset. Under the root object, you can specify, for example, the name of a company or a separate object. In order to rename a tree element, you need to hover the mouse pointer over it and right-click, and then select "Edit" (see Fig. 2.3). You can also delete an unnecessary object by clicking on the button [[image:1762746580637-301.png]]
75
76
77 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.06.44.png||height="332" width="501"]]
78
79 Fig. 2.3 – Editing an object
80
81 **Attention! There must be no tethered devices in the power facility for removal.**
82
83
84 Adding objects in the structure (name of the system or enterprise) is performed by right-clicking (hereinafter referred to as the "RMB") on:
85
86 * Selected object in the tree, in which case the new object will be nested;
87 * In the empty space of a given tree, in this case, the new object will be an independent object in this structure.
88
89 The sequence and nesting of objects in the tree can be adjusted by dragging objects by holding down the left mouse button (see Fig. 2.4), as well as by using [[image:1762746645908-483.png]] and [[image:1762746672090-269.png]]selecting the desired object in the tree (see Fig. 2.5).
90
91 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.05.39.png||height="213" width="499"]]
92
93 Fig. 2.4 – Dragging a New Object Inside the Tree
94
95 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.05.00.png||height="407" width="496"]]
96
97 Fig. 2.5 – Dragging a New Object Inside the Tree
98
99 To select all objects, click on the button [[image:1762746768528-956.png]] ,  and it will change its appearance to [[image:1762746794500-389.png]]. To reset the selection of all objects in the tree, click on this button again [[image:1762746812138-731.png]]. To collapse the tree, click on , and [[image:1762746841632-572.png]] to expand it [[image:1762746869342-141.png]]. To change the width of the tree, you need to hover over the vertical line, and drag right/left while holding down the click and click.
100
101 The search input field [[image:1762746912120-741.png]] allows you to search for information by the name of the tree object, the name of the device, as well as its ID or Code.
102
103 Adding and configuring power facilities to CENTO is possible both through the above-described WEB-interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
104
105 == Creating devices ==
106
107 You can create new devices (information sources) and edit existing ones on the "Devices, tags, channels" page ("Settings" – "Devices, tags, channels") (see Fig. 2.6).
108
109 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.04.03.png]]
110
111 Fig. 2.6 – Devices page
112
113 On this page, you can perform the following operations:
114
115 * Creating a device by clicking the button [[image:1762747055524-817.png||height="22" width="94"]] in the upper right corner of the screen;
116 * downloading/uploading selected devices to an Excel file by pressing a button [[image:1762747071069-512.png||height="21" width="88"]] , which allows you to configure devices for scanning without uploading the entire configuration on the page from section 3;
117 * go to the device editing window by left-clicking on the device name or its ID;
118 * search for an already configured device by selecting in the object tree and searching for devices in these objects manually or through filters in the headers of the device table, where [[image:1762747071070-762.png||height="25" width="30"]] it searches by ID or by Code, depending on the user's choice;
119 * enabling and disabling device polling by switches in the "Status" column;
120 * viewing the status of the device and polling it according to the configured protocols;
121 * copying an untagged device [[image:1762747071070-928.png||height="24" width="24"]] with its tags [[image:1762747071070-641.png||height="25" width="24"]] and deleting devices [[image:1762747071071-408.png||height="23" width="23"]] ;
122 * filter by category;
123 * filter by formula;
124 * filter by device.
125
126 Clicking on the button will open the [[image:1762747182802-715.png||height="26" width="110"]] "Create a device" page, where you need to enter the parameters of the new device (see Fig. 2.7).
127
128 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.02.13.png]]
129
130 Fig. 2.7 – Device Creation Page
131
132 In order to edit an already configured device, click on its name on the "Devices" page, which will take you to the "Device Editing" page (see Fig. 2.8).
133
134 To speed up the creation of a device group, CENTO has the function of copying devices with all their settings by clicking the button [[image:1762747218001-134.png||height="27" width="27"]] on the "Devices, tags, channels" page (see Fig. 2.6). Next, you need to change the configuration in accordance with the project, also going to the "Edit device" page.
135
136 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.01.08.png]]
137
138 Fig. 2.8 – Device Editing Page
139
140 The "Create Device" window ("Edit Device") consists of 2 blocks. The first block "General settings" has the same view for all devices. In the second block, you are asked to select and enter settings for the device polling protocol. For each device, it is possible to poll according to 2 or more protocols, for example, for electricity meters (polling real-time parameters, downloading archives of accumulated interval values of electricity) (see Fig. 2.8).
141
142 The "General settings" block contains the following fields:
143
144 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.32.16.png||height="57" width="240"]]
145
146 Device name.
147
148 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.23.37.png||height="57" width="232"]]
149
150 Select a template that corresponds to the selected device from the drop-down list or create a new one using the "+" button.
151
152 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.26.11.png||height="58" width="235"]]
153
154 Identification number of the device in the system (by default, it is set automatically).
155
156 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.27.03.png||height="59" width="240"]]
157
158 IP address of the device.
159
160 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.28.08.png||height="58" width="240"]]
161
162 Serial number (for electricity meters).
163
164 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.29.00.png||height="57" width="241"]]
165
166 The object to which the device belongs.
167
168 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.30.58.png||height="74" width="242"]]
169
170 Stores a note on the device.
171
172 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.31.47.png||height="57" width="243"]]
173
174 Binding the device to the object of the information model.
175
176 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.33.17.png||height="29" width="129"]]
177
178 Allows you to replace the existing device with a new one, saving the metering data (after clicking, an additional window with instructions pops up, see Fig. 2.9).
179
180 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.34.00.png||height="364" width="720"]]
181
182 Fig. 2.9 – Window "Replacement of the metering device"
183
184 After filling in the required fields, you should click on the "Save" button.
185
186 Then, to apply the changes, you need to click the "Update Configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page.
187
188 Adding devices and configuring protocols to CENTO is possible both through the above-described WEB-interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
189
190 The rules and features of setting up devices and protocols are described in separate commissioning manuals.
191
192 After you add a new device, it appears in the device tree on the Devices page. The device name in the tree and in the device table may be preceded by one of the following icons ("statuses"), which are described in Table 2.1.
193
194 Table 2.1 – Device status decoding
195
196 |Status Number|Device Status|Decoding
197 |0|[[image:1762749353292-521.png]]|Disabled (device polling disabled in CENTO)
198 |1|[[image:1762749353293-182.png]]|Normal (the device is connected, tags arrive without errors)
199 |2|[[image:1762749353293-752.png]]|Data in the device with errors (some tags come with errors or are not polled)
200 |3|[[image:1762749353293-611.png]]|Device is not available (device polling is enabled, but the device is not responding)
201 |4|[[image:1762749353293-609.png]]|Tags or channels by device contain data with manual input
202 |9|[[image:1762749353294-893.png]]|Status Not Available (Status Not Yet Received or Not Available)
203
204 == Set up tags and channels ==
205
206 In CENTO software, information is divided into 2 types: tags and channels.
207
208 Tags are data, conditionally, "real-time". That is, data collected from sources of information with the lowest possible delays. The frequency of updating the value of each tag depends on the settings you set, the technical features of the data sources, and their capabilities. For example, in dispatching systems, data is updated once per second, but it can be both more frequent and less frequent (for example, it may depend on how much the value itself has changed).
209
210 Channels are data used for metering (electricity, other energy resources, operating time, products, etc.). A feature of metering channels is a clearly defined discreteness of information (for example: 1 minute, 3 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, etc.). The value of the channel is recorded as an increment of a value for a given period, averaging for a given period and a value at the end of the period. In metering systems, information is most often transmitted in this form by the data sources themselves (meters, heat calculators, etc.), but accounting channels can also be formed in CENTO itself based on tag values. The use of information in the form of "channels" in accounting allows you to receive information from data sources even in case of failures in communication channels (data can be obtained from the archive after the connection is restored), it is convenient to work with data, and generate various reports.
211
212 Tags and accounting channels are configured on the same page "Devices, tags, channels" ("Settings" - "Devices, tags, channels") on the "Tags, channels" tab (see Fig. 2.10).
213
214 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.38.04.png]]
215
216 Fig. 2.10 – Parameter Description Page
217
218 On the "Tags, Channels" tab, when selecting one or more devices, all tags and channels of device data accounting are displayed in a tabular form. In this table, you can perform the following operations for each signal separately:
219
220 * Create a tag or channel by clicking [[image:1762749527914-134.png||height="20" width="117"]] the button in the upper right corner of the screen.
221 * the button [[image:1762749527915-501.png||height="21" width="69"]] allows you to export data on selected tags to an excel table, completely repeating columns and rows from "Tags, channels", while this uploaded file serves only for analysis, not configuration;
222 * The button [[image:1762749527915-879.png||height="21" width="85"]] allows you to upload/download an Excel file with selected tags, in which you can remove/add tags to specific devices without downloading the entire configuration from the page from section 3 of this manual;
223 * Go to the tag or channel editing window by clicking the left mouse button on the tag name or its ID;
224 * viewing the values of tags and channels and going to the graph page of the required parameter by clicking the left mouse button on the value;
225 * enabling and disabling tag (channel) polling by radio buttons in the "Status" column;
226 * viewing the status of the tag (channel) and its polling;
227 * viewing the time of the last update of the tag (channel) survey – the date and time (in the format "yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss") of the last successful receipt of the tag (channel) value (the value of the tag or channel itself may not have changed);
228 * copying and deleting tags and channels by clicking buttons [[image:1762749562010-279.png||height="25" width="25"]] and [[image:1762749562011-728.png||height="24" width="24"]] respectively.
229
230 === Adding a protocol tag ===
231
232 To create a separate tag, click on the "Create Tag" button. This will open the "Tag Polling Creation" page (see Figure 2.11).
233
234 To display the protocol settings, you must first select the device (data source). After that, a set of protocols configured for the device will appear in the "Protocol" drop-down list (see p.2.2).
235
236 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.42.20.png]]
237
238 Fig. 2.11 – Adding a protocol tag
239
240 The "Tag Polling Creation" window consists of 4 blocks. The first block "General settings" contains the settings of the protocol that is configured in the device for which the tag is created. The second block contains the settings of the protocol through which the tag is passed (appears when the protocol is selected). The third block contains functions for processing the value of the tag. In the fourth block, the tag settings are configured, which determine the permissible limits of its change and the system's reaction to violation of these limits.
241
242 ----
243
244 The "General settings" block contains the following fields:
245
246 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.43.37.png||height="51" width="258"]]
247
248 Parameter name (set by the user).
249
250 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.44.12.png||height="51" width="257"]]
251
252 Selection of the parameter category.
253
254 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.45.47.png||height="51" width="257"]]
255
256 The alphabetic code of the tag, which can be used instead of ID (it is possible to enter numbers, Latin letters and the symbol _ ).
257
258 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.46.25.png||height="51" width="257"]]
259
260 The identity address of the parameter. Default is set automatically, and can be changed.
261
262 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.47.06.png||height="49" width="125"]]
263
264 Units of measurement of the parameter.
265
266 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.47.38.png||height="53" width="255"]]
267
268 The device from which the parameter is read.
269
270 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.49.12.png||height="53" width="258"]]
271
272 Protocol used (the list of protocols is formed from the configured protocols for the selected device).
273
274 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.49.50.png||height="58" width="98"]]
275
276 Affects the appearance of charting on the "Live Data" analysis page, if the tag is analog, then the switch should be like in the picture.
277
278 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.50.20.png||height="70" width="254"]]
279
280 Stores a note on the tag, does not affect the survey.
281
282 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.51.17.png||height="57" width="115"]]
283
284 Appears for tags with a protocol, saves the history of changing values. When the "Save to database" function is disabled, tag data is not transferred to the backup server and is not transmitted via the S2S protocol.
285
286 Depending on the selected device, the protocol specified when creating the device will be automatically selected in the "Protocol" field.
287
288 The rules, description, and specifics of setting up tags in terms of protocols are described in separate setup manuals.
289
290 ----
291
292 The "Processing" block contains the following fields:
293
294 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.34.56.png||height="60" width="289"]]
295
296 The formula for mathematical processing of the parameter (according to a predetermined formula or the user's formula). Clicking on the "+" opens the window for creating a new formula, which then appears in the list of templates.
297
298 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.36.47.png||height="18" width="139"]]
299
300 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.37.18.png]]
301
302 A field for entering a custom formula, not from the list of templates.
303
304 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.41.53.png||height="26" width="158"]]
305
306 Button to open help with formulas.
307
308 ----
309
310 The "Setpoints" block contains settings for the following limits:
311
312 * upper physical limit
313 * a lower physical limit
314 * upper emergency limit
315 * lower emergency limit
316 * upper warning limit
317 * Lower warning limit.
318
319 ----
320
321 Each of the above limits has the following settings:
322
323 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.44.56.png||height="66" width="49"]]
324
325 Enabling/disabling value control.
326
327 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.45.38.png||height="66" width="111"]]
328
329 Limit value in units specified by the tag.
330
331 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.46.31.png||height="66" width="111"]]
332
333 Exposure time in milliseconds before the setpoint is triggered.
334
335 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.47.13.png||height="66" width="111"]]
336
337 Enabling/disabling the acknowledgment of the event that occurs when the setpoint is triggered.
338
339 To save the tag settings, click the button [[image:1762753677285-432.png]]
340
341 Then, to apply the changes, you need to click the "Update Configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page.
342
343 Adding tags to CENTO is possible both through the above-described web interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
344
345 The rules and specifics for setting up tags for different protocols and devices are described in separate configuration guides.
346
347 === Add a calculation tag ===
348
349 If you select the "No log" item in the "Tag Polling Description" window (see Fig. 2.11) in the "Log" field, a calculated tag will be created, the value of which can be formed based on the transformation of other tags.
350
351 The value of the calculated tag is determined by the formula entered in the "Value Processing Formula" field (see Fig. 2.11) or by the Custom Formula (see Fig. 2.12). Examples of formulas are given under the Value Processing Formula field. The available features are also listed in Table 2.1 of this manual.
352
353 For calculation tags, setpoints can be configured in the same way as tags with protocols.
354
355 After filling in the required fields, you should save the changes by clicking the button  [[image:1762753769568-573.png||height="23" width="60"]]. Then, to apply the changes, you need to click the "Update Configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page.
356
357 Adding calculation tags to CENTO, as well as other configuration elements, is possible through the above-described web interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
358
359 === Setting up calculation formulas ===
360
361 For calculated tags (see section 2.3.2), different processing formulas are used. If you use the same type of formulas for a number of tags, you should make a description of these formulas so that you can use them to process any required tag.
362
363 You can add new formulas and adjust existing formulas on the Tag Polling Description page (Settings – Devices, Tags, Channels, Tags, Channels tab).
364
365 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.51.34.png||height="251" width="253"]]
366
367 Fig. 2.12 – Editing Formula Templates
368
369 To adjust the existing formula, you should:
370
371 * click on the "Template" field to open the list of available formula templates and use the mouse wheel to find the desired formula (see Fig. 2.12)
372 * hover over it until the "edit" and "delete" symbols appear [[image:1762753922390-602.png||height="21" width="168"]]
373 * if the template needs to be deleted, click on the "Delete" icon
374 * if the template needs to be corrected, click on the "Edit" icon
375 * The Edit Formula window opens (see Figure 2.13), where you can change the name of the formula in the Name field, and you can change the formula itself in the Formula field. There is also a hint with examples in the window
376 * To save the changes, click the button  [[image:1762753922390-303.png||height="21" width="55"]]
377
378 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.53.06.png||height="607" width="397"]]
379
380 Fig. 2.13– Edit Formulas Page
381
382 To add a new formula, on the Tag Polling Description page, click the button [[image:1762754032495-106.png||height="25" width="27"]]
383
384 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.54.20.png||height="600" width="402"]]
385
386 Fig. 2.14– Formula Creation Page
387
388 On the "Formula Creation" page that opens (see Fig. 2.14), you need to enter the name of the new formula and the formula itself in the "Formula" field.
389
390 In the expression of the formula, arithmetic operations, conditions, calls of mathematical and special functions, etc., are allowed.
391
392 The functions used in the formulas are described in Table 2.2.
393
394 Table 2.2 – Functions used in formulas.
395
396 |Function|Description|Use|Result
397 |Bit|Returns the value of a single specified bit|Bit(4,2)|1
398 |Bits|Returns the value of multiple specified bits|Bits(12,2,2)|3
399 |if|Returns a value based on whether or not a specified condition is met.|if(3-2 = 1, 'value is true', 'value is false')|'value is true'
400 |(% rowspan="2" %)Pow|(% rowspan="2" %)Returns a value raised to the specified power.|Pow(3, 2)|9
401 |Pow([dev-101-ea_imp],2)|(((
402 Dev-101-ea_imp=6
403
404 36
405 )))
406 |(% rowspan="2" %)Round|(% rowspan="2" %)Rounding a value to the nearest integer or a certain number of decimal places.|Round(3.222, 2)|3.22
407 |Round([dev-101-ea_imp],1)|(((
408 Dev-101-ea_imp=6.66
409
410 6.6
411 )))
412 |agg|Aggregates all tag values per interval by function. The result publishes to the timestamp of the end of the interval|agg(mean, ti42, 3m) - average of tag 42 over 3 minutes|35
413 |Abs|Returns the modulus //of a number//.|ABS(-1,234)|1,234
414 |sign|Returns the sign of a //number// in the form 1~|0 ~|-1.|sign(-1,234)|-1
415 |Sqrt|Returns the square root of a given number|Sqrt(4)|2
416 |rndfloat|Returns a random real number from the range [0.0,1.0]|rndfloat()|0.123
417 |rndintn|Returns a random integer from the range [0,n]|rndintn(5)|3
418 |split|Splits a //row// by a given //separator// and returns a substring by //index//|split("02-01-2006 15:04",' ',1)|"15:04"
419 |parsetime|Returns the number of seconds since the beginning of the Unix epoch according to //the format// from //the string//|parsetime('yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss', "2017-05-26 15:58:30")|1495814310
420 |Time|Returns the current time in the specified format|time('dd.MM.yyyy HH:mi:ss')|16.04.2020 01:41:07
421 |Unixepochformat|Converts the date from //seconds// since the beginning of the Unix era to a given //format//|Unixepochformat(1495814310, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss')|2017-05-26 15:58:30
422 |acos|Returns the arccosine of the //number//.|acos(0)|90
423 |asin|Returns the arc sine of //the number//.|asin(1)|90
424 |atan|Returns the arctangent of the //number//.|atan(1)|45
425 |atan2|Returns the arctangent for the specified //x// and //y coordinates//.|atan2(1, 0)|90
426 |cos|Calculates the cosine of a //number//.|COS(60)|0.5
427 |pi|Returns the value of Pi.|pi()|3.141592653589793
428 |sin|Calculates the sine of a //number//.|sin(30)|0.5
429 |tan|Calculates the tangent of the //number//.|tan(45)|1
430 |First_1h, First_1d, First_1mon|Returns the value of the tag increment at the beginning of the current hour, day, and month|First_1h(ti10101)|32.26
431 |(% rowspan="4" %)ticker(<spacing>, <expression1>, <expression2(optional)>)|(% rowspan="4" %)(((
432 Executes expression1 when the interval is triggered, or expression2 otherwise. Expression2 may be missing. In this case, the calculation will be made only at the moment of triggering the interval.
433
434 The interval can be set as a number - periodicity in seconds, or as a string in quotation marks - cron rule.
435
436 **If the formula contains prev, then you need to run the ticker using manual input and then reset it**.
437 )))|ticker(3, if(ti2==1, prev5+3, prev5)) - ti2 set counter to 1, which is updated every 3 seconds|60 sec
438 |ticker("0 0 8 * * *", 0, prev5+ti2-prev2) - accumulate tag changes with id 2 with a reset to 0 every day at 8 am|(((
439 at 7:59 – ticker = 100 sec.
440
441 at 8:00 – ticker = 0 sec.
442 )))
443 |(((
444 ticker("0 0 0 * * *", ti2, prev1) - the accumulation of tag changes from id 2 at the beginning of the day.
445
446 In this formula, you can specify //a specific time, as well as the day, month, and days of the week.//
447 )))|(((
448 If at 00:00:00 ti2=120 minutes, then the ticker during this day will be equal to 120 minutes.
449
450
451 )))
452 |(((
453 ticker("0 0 0 1 * *", ti2, prev1) - accumulation of tag changes from id 2 at the beginning of the month.
454
455
456 )))|(((
457 If on the 1st day of the month at 00:00:00 ti2=200 minutes, then the ticker during this month will be 200 minutes.
458
459
460 )))
461
462 Permissible variable designations in formulas are given in Table 2.3.
463
464 Table 2.3 – Designation of variables in formulas.
465
466 |Variable|Description
467 |[val]|Current value of the telemeter from BDRV
468 |[x1], [x2], ...|The binding of these variables is determined when describing the calculated parameters in the "Parameters" column.
469 |(((
470 [tiN],
471
472 where N is the serial number of the TI
473 )))|The meaning of telemetering from the BDRV
474 |(((
475 [devstatusN],
476
477 where N is the device number (ID)
478 )))|Device status (0 – disabled in the configuration; 1 – normal; 2 – at least one TUE has abnormal quality (out of bounds or error in the formula); 3 – device polling error (device is not available); 4 – manual input is present in the tags or channels of the device, 9 – no status).
479 |(((
480 [devprevstatusN] or [prevdevstatusN]
481
482 where N is the device number (ID)
483 )))|Previous device status (0 – disabled in the configuration; 1 – normal; 2 – at least one TUE has abnormal quality (out of bounds or error in the formula); 3 – device polling error (device not available); 4 – manual input is present in the tags or channels of the device, 9 – no status).
484 |(((
485 [prevN],
486
487 where N is the serial number of the TI
488 )))|Previous Value of Telemeter from BDRV
489
490 === Configuring calculation channels ===
491
492 CENTO has the ability to create calculated accounting channels. A calculated channel can be created either based on the values of other channels or on the basis of tag values. In order to create a calculation channel, you need to go to the link "Settings" - "Devices, tags, channels" - "Calculation channels" (see Fig. 2.15).
493
494 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.58.58.png]]
495
496 Fig.2.15 – List of calculation channels
497
498 On the "Billing channels" tab, when you select one or more devices, all billing channels for metering these devices are displayed in a tabular form. In this table, you can perform the following operations for each parameter separately:
499
500 * Create a channel by pressing a button [[image:1762754384286-528.png||height="24" width="121"]] and [[image:1762754384287-151.png||height="26" width="114"]] in the upper right corner of the screen.
501 * Go to the channel editing window by left-clicking on the tag name or tag ID.
502 * View channel values and go to the graph page of the required parameter by clicking the left mouse button on the value.
503 * enabling and disabling channel polling by switches in the "Status" column.
504 * viewing the status of the settlement channel.
505 * viewing the time of the last update of the tag (channel) poll – the date and time (in the format "yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss") of the last successful receipt of the tag (channel) value (the tag or channel value itself may not have changed).
506 * copying and deleting channels by pressing buttons [[image:1762754384287-453.png||height="21" width="21"]] and [[image:1762754384287-190.png||height="22" width="22"]] respectively
507 * preliminary check of the formula [[image:1762754384287-268.png||height="27" width="26"]]
508 * filter by category
509 * filter by formula
510 * filter by device.
511
512 More detailed use of calculation channels is described in the "Guide to setting up accounting channels".
513
514 = CONFIGURING CENTO VIA EXCEL =
515
516 The CENTO software provides the ability to configure the system via Excel files. The interface of this functionality is located on the Downloading/Uploading Configuration Files page (Menu item "Settings" – "Configuration Files"). (see Fig. 3.1).
517
518 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.02.21.png]]
519
520 Fig. 3.1– Download/Upload Configuration Files Page
521
522 With the help of Excel files, you can configure:
523
524 1. Devices (also device tree and device types);
525 1. Tags and channels;
526 1. Events;
527 1. Information model (classes, elements, reference books);
528 1. Telecontrol Lock Conditions;
529 1. Accounting Channels.
530 1. Tabular data directories.
531 1. Alarm event recorders.
532
533 A .xlsx file with strictly defined tabs and columns is uploaded from this page with a single button. File correction is possible both through Excel and through other programs that work with the .xlsx table format, for example, LibreOffice. With another button, these files are uploaded to the server. After downloading, you need to apply the changes made by clicking the "Update configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page, as in Fig.3.2.
534
535 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.03.16.png||height="248" width="232"]]
536
537 Fig. 3.2– Update Configuration Button
538
539 In addition to the web interface, power facilities and device types can be edited through the "Devices" table. On the first tab "List of objects" there is a table as in Figure 3.3
540
541 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.04.17.png||height="194" width="384"]]
542
543 Fig. 3.3 – Table "List of objects"
544
545 The Object ID column contains unique numbers of the enterprise's power facilities. Their names are displayed in the "Object name" column. The "Parent Object ID" column determines where the power object will be located in the object tree, and if the cell is empty, then the object will lie at the root of the tree. Thus, the table shown in Figure 3.3 corresponds to the tree shown in Figure 3.4.
546
547 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.05.26.png||height="300" width="238"]]
548
549 Fig. 3.4 – Tree of power facilities
550
551 The "Sorting" field determines where objects belonging to the same "parent" will be located relative to each other.
552
553 Adding new power facilities is carried out taking into account the ID of existing objects in the table. Object IDs must not be repeated.
554
555 The Device Types tab displays the device types available on the server (see Figure 3.5).
556
557 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.06.17.png||height="286" width="268"]]
558
559 Fig. 3.5 – Table "Device Types"
560
561 The ID column of the device type displays the unique number of the device type, and the name column displays its name. To add new types, you must follow the numbering.
562
563 Editing other tabs in the Devices table and the Tags and Channels file is described in the setup guides for specific protocols and device types.
564
565 Setting up Events files is described in the Event System Configuration Guide.
566
567 The "Information Model Classes", "Information Model Elements" and "Information Model References" files are configured according to the "Information Model Setup Guide".
568
569 The rules for filling in the file "Telecontrol lock conditions" can be found in the "Remote Control Lock Settings Guide".
570
571 Working with accounting channels is described in the "Guide to setting up accounting channels".
572
573 The "Logger Settings" file is configured according to the "Alarm Event Recorder Configuration Guide".
574
575 "Tabular data references" are used in the mode calculation module, so their settings are specified in the "Mode Calculation Module Setup and Operation Manual".
576
577 = EVENTS =
578
579 "Events" in CENTO are designed to increase the observability of the system by tracking changes in the state of process equipment, recording changes in the event log and alerting users.
580
581 Events help personnel to respond in a timely manner to changes in the technological process and system operation.
582
583 * Event settings are located in the "Event Editor" menu item (see Fig. 4.1). Events that are configured on this page are included in the archive log of technological events, as well as in the operational log. For a more detailed description of the Event Editor page and how to configure technology events, see the Event System Setup Guide.
584
585 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.07.47.png||height="376" width="319"]]
586
587 Fig. 4.1 – Event Menu
588
589 * In the CENTO software, it is possible to notify users about the occurrence of events by e-mail in the "Notifications" menu item, the description and configuration of this functionality are described in the "Event System Configuration Guide".
590 * In the "Sound Editor" menu, it is possible to upload files for sound notification of the occurrence of an event, the setting is also indicated in the "Event System Setup Guide".
591
592 = MNEMONICS =
593
594 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.13.04.png||height="403" width="658"]]
595
596 Fig. 5.1 – Mnemonics
597
598 All mnemonic diagrams are developed in the built-in editor, which is located in the menu item "Mnemonics Diagrams" ("Settings" - "Mimic Diagrams" (see Fig. 5.1)). Available for viewing by the User are located in the tree of active mnemonic diagrams by clicking on the main menu of the CENTO software under the item [[image:1762755230293-190.png||height="21" width="120"]]
599
600 Mimic diagrams display data from the polled devices, their tags and channels, in various forms of display (graphs, tables, reference information, animations of graphic elements, etc.).
601
602 More detailed use of mnemonic diagrams, their creation and configuration are described in the "Guide to the development of mnemonic diagrams".
603
604 = INFORMATION MODEL =
605
606 An information model is a tool for describing the object of automation (physical objects, equipment, processes, etc.).  The information model allows you to reflect the structure and consolidate information on each created object in the form of attributes (measurements, reference values, regulatory documentation, etc.). The information model is widely used in CENTO: to simplify the configuration of large systems, to implement various functions, to differentiate rights by objects.
607
608 The IM can be configured in the web editor "Information Model Editor" (see Fig. 6.1).
609
610 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.15.02.png||height="397" width="1060"]]
611
612 Fig. 6.1 – Information Model Editor Page
613
614 With the help of this editor, directories, classes, and objects of the Information Model are created.
615
616 For a detailed description of how to set up an information model, see the Information Model Setup Guide.
617
618 = SYSTEM SETTINGS =
619
620 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.16.25.png]]
621
622 Fig.7.1 – Menu "System"
623
624 The CENTO software administrator has access to settings from the "System" menu item, as shown in Figure 7.1.
625
626 1. **Menu Editor** – allows you to configure the CENTO main menu (see the "Administration Guide. Menu Editing").
627 1. **User rights** - configure access to various sections and interfaces of CENTO (see "Guide to setting up access rights").
628 1. **System information** – contains information about active modules, the number of tags/channels used, as well as the services installed on the server.
629 1. **Mail servers** are used to receive and send information through mail servers (event-based notifications, xml layouts). Fig.7.2 shows an example of configured outgoing and incoming mail servers.
630
631 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.17.36.png]]
632
633 Fig.7.2 – Setting up mail servers
634
635 To create a server, click [[image:1762755556265-323.png||height="24" width="85"]] in the upper right part of the interface. After that, a page for creating a mail server will open, see Fig.7.3.
636
637 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.19.52.png||height="378" width="512"]]
638
639 Fig.7.3 – Creating a mail server
640
641 * "Name" - the name of the mail server is written
642 * "Status" - enable/disable
643 * "Protocol" - if you select SMTP, an outgoing mail server will be created, and for POP3 and IMAP protocols, an incoming mail server will be created
644 * "Sender's address" - the sender's e-mail address
645 * "Server" - the address of the server
646 * "Port" - connection port
647 * "User Name" means the user's name
648 * "Password" - the password of the mail
649 * "Use SSl/TLS" - enable/disable communication encryption
650 * "Use authentication" - depends on the settings of the mail server, enabled if the type of authorization with authentication is configured.
651
652 **5. System Settings** – allows you to configure:
653
654 * depth of storage of tag values/flexible reports/system log/technological log (see Fig. 7.4), after the expiration of the depth period, the data will be deleted from the database:
655
656 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.22.12.png||height="242" width="632"]]
657
658 Fig.7.4 – Setting the storage depth
659
660 * change the language of the system (see Fig.7.5) After changing the language, the language in the CENTO interfaces will be changed (except for the information entered by the user himself when configuring the system, for example: names of devices, tags, symbols on mnemonic circuits, etc.)
661
662 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.23.20.png||height="214" width="972"]]
663
664 Fig.7.5 – Selection of the system language
665
666 * server redundancy and backup of configuration/live data of tags and accounting channels/logs/reports (see "Backup Guide");
667 * To change the row height for all tables in the CENTO interfaces, see Figure 7.6:
668
669 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.24.28.png||height="217" width="974"]]
670
671 Fig.7.6 – Adjusting rows in interface tables
672
673 * Changing the start page of the system.
674
675 To apply the changes, you need to refresh the browser page.
676
677 = TRANSFER KITS =
678
679 A number of methods are provided for the transfer of information (tags, channels) from CENTO to third-party systems:
680
681 * Transmission via IEC-60870-5-104 protocol (tags);
682 * Transmission via MODBUS TCP (tags);
683 * Transfer to third-party MS SQL or MySQL databases (channels);
684 * Transmission of electricity metering data in the form of XML files (channels);
685 * Transmission via the OPC UA protocol (tags, channels);
686 * Transfer via API (tags, channels, device trees, objects, information model attributes, etc.)
687
688 Data transfer via the OPC UA protocol and API does not require additional settings and is available after the installation of the appropriate modules in the system.
689
690 Data transfer by other methods is carried out through the so-called Transmission Sets. Setting up Sets for transfer is located in the "Set Editor" (see Fig. 8.1) and the procedure for working with this interface is described in more detail in the "Guide to setting up sets for transmission".
691
692 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.26.20.png||height="174" width="990"]]
693
694 Fig.8.1 – Set Editor
695
696 = LIGHTING CONTROL =
697
698 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.28.49.png||height="174" width="695"]]
699
700 Fig.9.1 – Lighting control
701
702 The "Lighting Control" page (see Fig. 9.1) ("Settings" - "Lighting Control") is used to enable/disable lighting objects from the "Lighting Control Module" schedule. The operation of this module is described in the "Lighting Control Module Setup Guide".
703
704 = TOOLING =
705
706 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.29.51.png||height="354" width="291"]]
707
708 Fig.10.1 – Tools menu
709
710 The CENTO software administrator has access to settings from the "Tools" menu item, as shown in Figure 10.1:
711
712 **~1. Monitoring** – allows you to view the list of installed services in a tabular form (see Fig.10.2), there are filters in the Name and Status columns [[image:1762756224414-911.png]] , and sorting buttons in others [[image:1762756224415-121.png]] . Also, data on services can be viewed in a graphical representation on the tab [[image:1762756224415-521.png]] (see Fig.10.3). Data can be downloaded by clicking a button [[image:1762756224415-118.png||height="24" width="97"]] to a .xlsx file (see Fig.10.4), for a certain period of time selected in the calendar [[image:1762756224415-292.png||height="24" width="254"]]
713
714 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.31.16.png]]
715
716 Fig.10.2 – List of services in tabular form
717
718 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.32.04.png]]
719
720 Fig.10.3 – Service schedules
721
722 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.32.34.png||height="401" width="348"]]
723
724 Fig.10.4 – Metrics in excel
725
726 In addition to information about the operation of services, in this interface, you can view data on Users who use CENTO Software (see Fig. 10.5).
727
728 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.33.14.png]]
729
730 Fig.10.5 – Users in CENTO software interfaces
731
732 This page displays information about Users who have used the CENTO software interfaces with the ability to search [[image:1762756421096-660.png]] by and sort [[image:1762756421096-718.png]] :
733
734 * **User name** – displays the name of the user logged in;
735 * **Login** – the authorization login is displayed;
736 * **Role** – the roles assigned to the user are displayed;
737 * **IP address** - network address of the user's workplace;
738 * **Connection time** – the connection time is displayed in the format "yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss";
739 * **Disconnection time **- displays the time of disconnection of the user from the system in the format "yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss";
740 * **Actions **– contains a button [[image:1762756421096-315.png]] – "end all user sessions";
741 * **The Log button **opens the System Events log with a filter of user connections and disconnections.
742
743 **2. Server Reservation** – This item displays information about server reservations, the interface is described in the "Backup Guide".
744
745 **3. Applications **—Provides access to additional applications that can be used on the system. This is currently the "CENTO Client" (see Figure 10.6)
746
747 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.34.57.png||height="254" width="627"]]
748
749 Fig.10.6 – Appendices
750
751 The application is installed on the user's workplace. Allows you to work with CENTO without using a browser. After downloading the application for a certain type of operating system, it is necessary to run the file and enter the IP address of the server, after which the User gets to the authorization page, as without using this application.
752
753 = OTHER SETTINGS IN INTERFACES =
754
755 == Analysis of real-time data ==
756
757 On the page "Analysis of operational data" ("Analysis" - "Operational data") there is a tab "Time" (Fig. 11.1), which is designed for time control on devices capable of transmitting their internal time to CENTO. In order for such devices to appear in the interface, time is collected from them into a tag with a name, for example, "Device time" in a string in the format YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.  Next [[image:1762756612986-850.png||height="24" width="25"]] , the system will find all tags with this name and compare the time specified in them with the time of the last polling of the device. The difference will be displayed in the right column and will give the User an understanding of how many seconds the time of the device differs from the server time.
758
759 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.37.36.png||height="352" width="806"]]
760
761 Fig. 11.1 – Analysis of live data, "Time" tab
762
763 == Analysis of metering data ==
764
765 On the page "Analysis of Metering data" ("Analysis" - "Metering Data"), in the Devices and Objects trees, it is possible to remove the tree levels (see Fig. 11.2) to display the path of the linked device in the table header (see Fig. 11.3) in the configuration window called by the button [[image:1762756705490-371.png||height="30" width="31"]] that is available to the User with the Administrator role. These settings are applied to all users.
766
767 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.38.55.png||height="81" width="181"]]
768
769 Fig. 11.2 – Setting the Display of Tree Levels
770
771 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.39.58.png||height="279" width="809"]]
772
773 Fig. 11.3 – Display Tree Levels According to Setting
774
775 == Logs ==
776
777 In any event log ("Logs" - "Technological Events" - "Video Cameras" - "Oscillograms" - "Power Quality" - "Device Events" - System Events - "All Events") it is possible for the User with the Administrator role to change the width of columns by hovering over their borders and dragging them left/right. This appearance display will apply to all Users.
778
779 [[image:1762756832283-936.png]] - Log display configuration button (down left corner). By default, it is present only in the User interface with Administrator rights. Clicking this button opens a pop-up window (Fig. 11.4), in which the User sets the height of the rows in the log, the method of displaying the paths to the device and the IM object: chooses how many levels to display starting from the device or hide starting from the root of the tree, the same choice with the tree of objects of the information model. Selects the alignment in the columns (centered, left, or right). It also edits the display/hiding of columns and their placement relative to each other by dragging and dropping the icon [[image:1762756832283-360.png]]
780
781 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.41.27.png||height="613" width="429"]]
782
783 Fig. 11.4 – Configure Log Display
784
785 = BASIC CONCEPTS AND ABBREVIATIONS =
786
787 DB – database;
788
789 Real-Time Database
790
791 Software – software;
792
793
794 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.45.17.png]]