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version	line-number	content
161.3	1	(% data-xwiki-rendering-protected="true" %)
	2	= CONTENT =
1.1	3
152.5	4	1. Introduction
152.2	5
152.5	6	2. Devices, tags, channels
152.2	7
152.6	8	2.1. Creating a device tree
152.3	9
152.6	10	2.2. Creating devices
152.3	11
152.6	12	2.3. Set up tags and channels
152.3	13
152.6	14	2.3.1. Adding a protocol tag
152.3	15
152.6	16	2.3.2. Add a calculation tag
152.3	17
152.6	18	2.3.3. Setting up calculation formulas
152.3	19
152.6	20	2.3.4. Configuring calculation channels
152.3	21
152.6	22	3. Configuring CENTO via Excel
152.4	23
152.6	24	4. Events
152.4	25
152.6	26	5. Mnemonics
152.4	27
152.6	28	6. Information model
152.5	29
152.6	30	7. System settings
	31
	32	8. Transfer kits
	33
	34	9. Lighting control
	35
	36	10. Tooling
	37
	38	~11. Other settings in interfaces
	39
	40	11.1. Analysis of real-time data
	41
	42	11.2. Analysis of metering data
	43
	44	11.3. Logs
	45
154.1	46	12. Basic concepts and abbreviations
	47
161.1	48	----
152.6	49
161.3	50	= 1. INTRODUCTION =
158.1	51
10.2	52	CENTO is a multifunctional software platform for data collection, processing, and display.
5.1	53	CENTO can be used to build various automated systems, for example: dispatching, control, accounting, diagnostics, etc.
	54	This guide describes the general steps for setting up CENTO software, as well as links to other instructions.
10.2	55
161.3	56	= 2. DEVICES, TAGS, CHANNELS =
10.2	57
	58	Operations for configuring the CENTO software are performed from the drop-down menu "Settings" (see Fig. 2.1) of the control panel at the top of the CENTO graphical interface.
16.1	59	\\[[image:1762536204394-536.png\|\|height="430" width="212"]]
7.2	60	Fig. 2.1 – Settings drop-down menu
9.2	61
12.1	62	=== 2.1. Creating a device tree ===
10.2	63
12.1	64	Configuration begins with the creation of a tree of devices (sources of information). The device tree is formed based on the convenience of further work with this tree and can reflect either the structure and names of the places where information sources are installed, or (in the case of small projects) combine information sources and production facilities of the enterprise. This tree is necessary for the subsequent attribution of all sources of information and the information itself to this structure.
	65
	66	To configure the structure, go to the "Devices, tags, channels" page (Settings – Devices, tags, channels) (see Fig. 2.2).
	67
84.1	68	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.07.38.png\|\|height="150" width="1018"]]
15.2	69
18.2	70	Fig. 2.2 – Devices, Tags, Channels Page
15.2	71
18.2	72	By default, CENTO has a "Root Object" preset. Under the root object, you can specify, for example, the name of a company or a separate object. In order to rename a tree element, you need to hover the mouse pointer over it and right-click, and then select "Edit" (see Fig. 2.3). You can also delete an unnecessary object by clicking on the button [[image:1762746580637-301.png]]
15.2	73
	74
47.2	75	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.06.44.png\|\|height="332" width="501"]]
45.2	76
18.2	77	Fig. 2.3 – Editing an object
	78
	79	Attention! There must be no tethered devices in the power facility for removal.
	80
	81
	82	Adding objects in the structure (name of the system or enterprise) is performed by right-clicking (hereinafter referred to as the "RMB") on:
	83
21.2	84	* Selected object in the tree, in which case the new object will be nested;
	85	* In the empty space of a given tree, in this case, the new object will be an independent object in this structure.
18.2	86
21.2	87	The sequence and nesting of objects in the tree can be adjusted by dragging objects by holding down the left mouse button (see Fig. 2.4), as well as by using [[image:1762746645908-483.png]] and [[image:1762746672090-269.png]]selecting the desired object in the tree (see Fig. 2.5).
18.2	88
45.2	89	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.05.39.png\|\|height="213" width="499"]]
23.2	90
	91	Fig. 2.4 – Dragging a New Object Inside the Tree
	92
45.2	93	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.05.00.png\|\|height="407" width="496"]]
23.2	94
	95	Fig. 2.5 – Dragging a New Object Inside the Tree
	96
28.2	97	To select all objects, click on the button [[image:1762746768528-956.png]] , and it will change its appearance to [[image:1762746794500-389.png]]. To reset the selection of all objects in the tree, click on this button again [[image:1762746812138-731.png]]. To collapse the tree, click on , and [[image:1762746841632-572.png]] to expand it [[image:1762746869342-141.png]]. To change the width of the tree, you need to hover over the vertical line, and drag right/left while holding down the click and click.
23.2	98
29.2	99	The search input field [[image:1762746912120-741.png]] allows you to search for information by the name of the tree object, the name of the device, as well as its ID or Code.
	100
	101	Adding and configuring power facilities to CENTO is possible both through the above-described WEB-interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
	102
31.2	103	=== 2.2. Creating devices ===
29.2	104
31.2	105	You can create new devices (information sources) and edit existing ones on the "Devices, tags, channels" page ("Settings" – "Devices, tags, channels") (see Fig. 2.6).
29.2	106
44.2	107	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.04.03.png]]
31.2	108
	109	Fig. 2.6 – Devices page
	110
	111	On this page, you can perform the following operations:
	112
38.2	113	* Creating a device by clicking the button [[image:1762747055524-817.png\|\|height="22" width="94"]] in the upper right corner of the screen;
	114	* downloading/uploading selected devices to an Excel file by pressing a button [[image:1762747071069-512.png\|\|height="21" width="88"]] , which allows you to configure devices for scanning without uploading the entire configuration on the page from section 3;
36.2	115	* go to the device editing window by left-clicking on the device name or its ID;
	116	* search for an already configured device by selecting in the object tree and searching for devices in these objects manually or through filters in the headers of the device table, where [[image:1762747071070-762.png\|\|height="25" width="30"]] it searches by ID or by Code, depending on the user's choice;
	117	* enabling and disabling device polling by switches in the "Status" column;
	118	* viewing the status of the device and polling it according to the configured protocols;
38.2	119	* copying an untagged device [[image:1762747071070-928.png\|\|height="24" width="24"]] with its tags [[image:1762747071070-641.png\|\|height="25" width="24"]] and deleting devices [[image:1762747071071-408.png\|\|height="23" width="23"]] ;
36.2	120	* filter by category;
	121	* filter by formula;
	122	* filter by device.
31.2	123
38.2	124	Clicking on the button will open the [[image:1762747182802-715.png\|\|height="26" width="110"]] "Create a device" page, where you need to enter the parameters of the new device (see Fig. 2.7).
31.2	125
42.2	126	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.02.13.png]]
40.2	127
42.2	128	Fig. 2.7 – Device Creation Page
	129
40.2	130	In order to edit an already configured device, click on its name on the "Devices" page, which will take you to the "Device Editing" page (see Fig. 2.8).
	131
	132	To speed up the creation of a device group, CENTO has the function of copying devices with all their settings by clicking the button [[image:1762747218001-134.png\|\|height="27" width="27"]] on the "Devices, tags, channels" page (see Fig. 2.6). Next, you need to change the configuration in accordance with the project, also going to the "Edit device" page.
	133
41.2	134	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.01.08.png]]
	135
	136	Fig. 2.8 – Device Editing Page
	137
48.2	138	The "Create Device" window ("Edit Device") consists of 2 blocks. The first block "General settings" has the same view for all devices. In the second block, you are asked to select and enter settings for the device polling protocol. For each device, it is possible to poll according to 2 or more protocols, for example, for electricity meters (polling real-time parameters, downloading archives of accumulated interval values of electricity) (see Fig. 2.8).
	139
	140	The "General settings" block contains the following fields:
	141
60.1	142	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.32.16.png\|\|height="57" width="240"]]
48.2	143
84.1	144	Device name.
48.2	145
66.2	146	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.23.37.png\|\|height="57" width="232"]]
60.1	147
84.1	148	Select a template that corresponds to the selected device from the drop-down list or create a new one using the "+" button.
60.1	149
	150	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.26.11.png\|\|height="58" width="235"]]
	151
84.1	152	Identification number of the device in the system (by default, it is set automatically).
60.1	153
	154	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.27.03.png\|\|height="59" width="240"]]
	155
84.1	156	IP address of the device.
60.1	157
	158	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.28.08.png\|\|height="58" width="240"]]
	159
84.1	160	Serial number (for electricity meters).
60.1	161
	162	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.29.00.png\|\|height="57" width="241"]]
	163
84.1	164	The object to which the device belongs.
60.1	165
	166	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.30.58.png\|\|height="74" width="242"]]
	167
84.1	168	Stores a note on the device.
60.1	169
	170	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.31.47.png\|\|height="57" width="243"]]
	171
84.1	172	Binding the device to the object of the information model.
60.1	173
	174	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.33.17.png\|\|height="29" width="129"]]
	175
	176	Allows you to replace the existing device with a new one, saving the metering data (after clicking, an additional window with instructions pops up, see Fig. 2.9).
	177
	178	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.34.00.png\|\|height="364" width="720"]]
	179
	180	Fig. 2.9 – Window "Replacement of the metering device"
	181
66.2	182	After filling in the required fields, you should click on the "Save" button.
	183
	184	Then, to apply the changes, you need to click the "Update Configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page.
	185
	186	Adding devices and configuring protocols to CENTO is possible both through the above-described WEB-interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
	187
	188	The rules and features of setting up devices and protocols are described in separate commissioning manuals.
	189
	190	After you add a new device, it appears in the device tree on the Devices page. The device name in the tree and in the device table may be preceded by one of the following icons ("statuses"), which are described in Table 2.1.
	191
	192	Table 2.1 – Device status decoding
	193
	194	\|Status Number\|Device Status\|Decoding
	195	\|0\|[[image:1762749353292-521.png]]\|Disabled (device polling disabled in CENTO)
	196	\|1\|[[image:1762749353293-182.png]]\|Normal (the device is connected, tags arrive without errors)
	197	\|2\|[[image:1762749353293-752.png]]\|Data in the device with errors (some tags come with errors or are not polled)
	198	\|3\|[[image:1762749353293-611.png]]\|Device is not available (device polling is enabled, but the device is not responding)
	199	\|4\|[[image:1762749353293-609.png]]\|Tags or channels by device contain data with manual input
	200	\|9\|[[image:1762749353294-893.png]]\|Status Not Available (Status Not Yet Received or Not Available)
	201
67.2	202	=== 2.3. Set up tags and channels ===
66.2	203
67.2	204	In CENTO software, information is divided into 2 types: tags and channels.
66.2	205
67.2	206	Tags are data, conditionally, "real-time". That is, data collected from sources of information with the lowest possible delays. The frequency of updating the value of each tag depends on the settings you set, the technical features of the data sources, and their capabilities. For example, in dispatching systems, data is updated once per second, but it can be both more frequent and less frequent (for example, it may depend on how much the value itself has changed).
66.2	207
	208	Channels are data used for metering (electricity, other energy resources, operating time, products, etc.). A feature of metering channels is a clearly defined discreteness of information (for example: 1 minute, 3 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, etc.). The value of the channel is recorded as an increment of a value for a given period, averaging for a given period and a value at the end of the period. In metering systems, information is most often transmitted in this form by the data sources themselves (meters, heat calculators, etc.), but accounting channels can also be formed in CENTO itself based on tag values. The use of information in the form of "channels" in accounting allows you to receive information from data sources even in case of failures in communication channels (data can be obtained from the archive after the connection is restored), it is convenient to work with data, and generate various reports.
	209
	210	Tags and accounting channels are configured on the same page "Devices, tags, channels" ("Settings" - "Devices, tags, channels") on the "Tags, channels" tab (see Fig. 2.10).
67.2	211
72.2	212	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.38.04.png]]
	213
	214	Fig. 2.10 – Parameter Description Page
	215
	216	On the "Tags, Channels" tab, when selecting one or more devices, all tags and channels of device data accounting are displayed in a tabular form. In this table, you can perform the following operations for each signal separately:
	217
	218	* Create a tag or channel by clicking [[image:1762749527914-134.png\|\|height="20" width="117"]] the button in the upper right corner of the screen.
	219	* the button [[image:1762749527915-501.png\|\|height="21" width="69"]] allows you to export data on selected tags to an excel table, completely repeating columns and rows from "Tags, channels", while this uploaded file serves only for analysis, not configuration;
	220	* The button [[image:1762749527915-879.png\|\|height="21" width="85"]] allows you to upload/download an Excel file with selected tags, in which you can remove/add tags to specific devices without downloading the entire configuration from the page from section 3 of this manual;
	221	* Go to the tag or channel editing window by clicking the left mouse button on the tag name or its ID;
	222	* viewing the values of tags and channels and going to the graph page of the required parameter by clicking the left mouse button on the value;
	223	* enabling and disabling tag (channel) polling by radio buttons in the "Status" column;
	224	* viewing the status of the tag (channel) and its polling;
	225	* viewing the time of the last update of the tag (channel) survey – the date and time (in the format "yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss") of the last successful receipt of the tag (channel) value (the value of the tag or channel itself may not have changed);
84.1	226	* copying and deleting tags and channels by clicking buttons [[image:1762749562010-279.png\|\|height="25" width="25"]] and [[image:1762749562011-728.png\|\|height="24" width="24"]] respectively.
72.2	227
84.1	228	==== 2.3.1. Adding a protocol tag ====
	229
	230	To create a separate tag, click on the "Create Tag" button. This will open the "Tag Polling Creation" page (see Figure 2.11).
	231
	232	To display the protocol settings, you must first select the device (data source). After that, a set of protocols configured for the device will appear in the "Protocol" drop-down list (see p.2.2).
	233
	234	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.42.20.png]]
	235
	236	Fig. 2.11 – Adding a protocol tag
	237
	238	The "Tag Polling Creation" window consists of 4 blocks. The first block "General settings" contains the settings of the protocol that is configured in the device for which the tag is created. The second block contains the settings of the protocol through which the tag is passed (appears when the protocol is selected). The third block contains functions for processing the value of the tag. In the fourth block, the tag settings are configured, which determine the permissible limits of its change and the system's reaction to violation of these limits.
	239
88.3	240	----
	241
84.1	242	The "General settings" block contains the following fields:
	243
	244	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.43.37.png\|\|height="51" width="258"]]
	245
	246	Parameter name (set by the user).
	247
	248	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.44.12.png\|\|height="51" width="257"]]
	249
	250	Selection of the parameter category.
	251
	252	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.45.47.png\|\|height="51" width="257"]]
	253
	254	The alphabetic code of the tag, which can be used instead of ID (it is possible to enter numbers, Latin letters and the symbol _ ).
	255
	256	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.46.25.png\|\|height="51" width="257"]]
	257
	258	The identity address of the parameter. Default is set automatically, and can be changed.
	259
	260	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.47.06.png\|\|height="49" width="125"]]
	261
	262	Units of measurement of the parameter.
	263
	264	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.47.38.png\|\|height="53" width="255"]]
	265
	266	The device from which the parameter is read.
	267
	268	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.49.12.png\|\|height="53" width="258"]]
	269
	270	Protocol used (the list of protocols is formed from the configured protocols for the selected device).
	271
	272	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.49.50.png\|\|height="58" width="98"]]
	273
	274	Affects the appearance of charting on the "Live Data" analysis page, if the tag is analog, then the switch should be like in the picture.
	275
	276	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.50.20.png\|\|height="70" width="254"]]
	277
	278	Stores a note on the tag, does not affect the survey.
	279
	280	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.51.17.png\|\|height="57" width="115"]]
	281
	282	Appears for tags with a protocol, saves the history of changing values. When the "Save to database" function is disabled, tag data is not transferred to the backup server and is not transmitted via the S2S protocol.
	283
	284	Depending on the selected device, the protocol specified when creating the device will be automatically selected in the "Protocol" field.
	285
	286	The rules, description, and specifics of setting up tags in terms of protocols are described in separate setup manuals.
	287
88.3	288	----
	289
85.2	290	The "Processing" block contains the following fields:
	291
85.3	292	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.34.56.png\|\|height="60" width="289"]]
85.2	293
87.2	294	The formula for mathematical processing of the parameter (according to a predetermined formula or the user's formula). Clicking on the "+" opens the window for creating a new formula, which then appears in the list of templates.
85.2	295
87.2	296	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.36.47.png\|\|height="18" width="139"]]
	297
	298	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.37.18.png]]
	299
88.2	300	A field for entering a custom formula, not from the list of templates.
87.2	301
88.2	302	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.41.53.png\|\|height="26" width="158"]]
	303
	304	Button to open help with formulas.
	305
	306	----
	307
	308	The "Setpoints" block contains settings for the following limits:
	309
	310	* upper physical limit
	311	* a lower physical limit
	312	* upper emergency limit
	313	* lower emergency limit
	314	* upper warning limit
	315	* Lower warning limit.
	316
90.2	317	----
88.3	318
90.2	319	Each of the above limits has the following settings:
88.3	320
90.2	321	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.44.56.png\|\|height="66" width="49"]]
	322
	323	Enabling/disabling value control.
	324
91.2	325	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.45.38.png\|\|height="66" width="111"]]
90.2	326
91.2	327	Limit value in units specified by the tag.
	328
93.2	329	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.46.31.png\|\|height="66" width="111"]]
91.2	330
93.2	331	Exposure time in milliseconds before the setpoint is triggered.
91.2	332
93.2	333	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.47.13.png\|\|height="66" width="111"]]
	334
	335	Enabling/disabling the acknowledgment of the event that occurs when the setpoint is triggered.
	336
	337	To save the tag settings, click the button [[image:1762753677285-432.png]]
	338
93.3	339	Then, to apply the changes, you need to click the "Update Configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page.
	340
	341	Adding tags to CENTO is possible both through the above-described web interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
	342
	343	The rules and specifics for setting up tags for different protocols and devices are described in separate configuration guides.
	344
101.2	345	==== 2.3.2. Add a calculation tag ====
93.3	346
	347	If you select the "No log" item in the "Tag Polling Description" window (see Fig. 2.11) in the "Log" field, a calculated tag will be created, the value of which can be formed based on the transformation of other tags.
	348
	349	The value of the calculated tag is determined by the formula entered in the "Value Processing Formula" field (see Fig. 2.11) or by the Custom Formula (see Fig. 2.12). Examples of formulas are given under the Value Processing Formula field. The available features are also listed in Table 2.1 of this manual.
	350
	351	For calculation tags, setpoints can be configured in the same way as tags with protocols.
94.2	352
	353	After filling in the required fields, you should save the changes by clicking the button [[image:1762753769568-573.png\|\|height="23" width="60"]]. Then, to apply the changes, you need to click the "Update Configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page.
	354
	355	Adding calculation tags to CENTO, as well as other configuration elements, is possible through the above-described web interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
	356
101.1	357	==== 2.3.3. Setting up calculation formulas ====
	358
	359	For calculated tags (see section 2.3.2), different processing formulas are used. If you use the same type of formulas for a number of tags, you should make a description of these formulas so that you can use them to process any required tag.
	360
	361	You can add new formulas and adjust existing formulas on the Tag Polling Description page (Settings – Devices, Tags, Channels, Tags, Channels tab).
	362
	363	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.51.34.png\|\|height="251" width="253"]]
	364
	365	Fig. 2.12 – Editing Formula Templates
	366
	367	To adjust the existing formula, you should:
	368
	369	* click on the "Template" field to open the list of available formula templates and use the mouse wheel to find the desired formula (see Fig. 2.12)
	370	* hover over it until the "edit" and "delete" symbols appear [[image:1762753922390-602.png\|\|height="21" width="168"]]
	371	* if the template needs to be deleted, click on the "Delete" icon
	372	* if the template needs to be corrected, click on the "Edit" icon
	373	* The Edit Formula window opens (see Figure 2.13), where you can change the name of the formula in the Name field, and you can change the formula itself in the Formula field. There is also a hint with examples in the window
	374	* To save the changes, click the button [[image:1762753922390-303.png\|\|height="21" width="55"]]
	375
	376	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.53.06.png\|\|height="607" width="397"]]
	377
	378	Fig. 2.13– Edit Formulas Page
	379
	380	To add a new formula, on the Tag Polling Description page, click the button [[image:1762754032495-106.png\|\|height="25" width="27"]]
	381
	382	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.54.20.png\|\|height="600" width="402"]]
	383
	384	Fig. 2.14– Formula Creation Page
	385
	386	On the "Formula Creation" page that opens (see Fig. 2.14), you need to enter the name of the new formula and the formula itself in the "Formula" field.
	387
	388	In the expression of the formula, arithmetic operations, conditions, calls of mathematical and special functions, etc., are allowed.
	389
	390	The functions used in the formulas are described in Table 2.2.
	391
	392	Table 2.2 – Functions used in formulas.
	393
	394	\|Function\|Description\|Use\|Result
	395	\|Bit\|Returns the value of a single specified bit\|Bit(4,2)\|1
	396	\|Bits\|Returns the value of multiple specified bits\|Bits(12,2,2)\|3
	397	\|if\|Returns a value based on whether or not a specified condition is met.\|if(3-2 = 1, 'value is true', 'value is false')\|'value is true'
	398	\|(% rowspan="2" %)Pow\|(% rowspan="2" %)Returns a value raised to the specified power.\|Pow(3, 2)\|9
	399	\|Pow([dev-101-ea_imp],2)\|(((
	400	Dev-101-ea_imp=6
	401
	402	36
	403	)))
	404	\|(% rowspan="2" %)Round\|(% rowspan="2" %)Rounding a value to the nearest integer or a certain number of decimal places.\|Round(3.222, 2)\|3.22
	405	\|Round([dev-101-ea_imp],1)\|(((
	406	Dev-101-ea_imp=6.66
	407
	408	6.6
	409	)))
	410	\|agg\|Aggregates all tag values per interval by function. The result publishes to the timestamp of the end of the interval\|agg(mean, ti42, 3m) - average of tag 42 over 3 minutes\|35
	411	\|Abs\|Returns the modulus //of a number//.\|ABS(-1,234)\|1,234
	412	\|sign\|Returns the sign of a //number// in the form 1~\|0 ~\|-1.\|sign(-1,234)\|-1
	413	\|Sqrt\|Returns the square root of a given number\|Sqrt(4)\|2
	414	\|rndfloat\|Returns a random real number from the range [0.0,1.0]\|rndfloat()\|0.123
	415	\|rndintn\|Returns a random integer from the range [0,n]\|rndintn(5)\|3
	416	\|split\|Splits a //row// by a given //separator// and returns a substring by //index//\|split("02-01-2006 15:04",' ',1)\|"15:04"
	417	\|parsetime\|Returns the number of seconds since the beginning of the Unix epoch according to //the format// from //the string//\|parsetime('yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss', "2017-05-26 15:58:30")\|1495814310
	418	\|Time\|Returns the current time in the specified format\|time('dd.MM.yyyy HH:mi:ss')\|16.04.2020 01:41:07
	419	\|Unixepochformat\|Converts the date from //seconds// since the beginning of the Unix era to a given //format//\|Unixepochformat(1495814310, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss')\|2017-05-26 15:58:30
	420	\|acos\|Returns the arccosine of the //number//.\|acos(0)\|90
	421	\|asin\|Returns the arc sine of //the number//.\|asin(1)\|90
	422	\|atan\|Returns the arctangent of the //number//.\|atan(1)\|45
	423	\|atan2\|Returns the arctangent for the specified //x// and //y coordinates//.\|atan2(1, 0)\|90
	424	\|cos\|Calculates the cosine of a //number//.\|COS(60)\|0.5
	425	\|pi\|Returns the value of Pi.\|pi()\|3.141592653589793
	426	\|sin\|Calculates the sine of a //number//.\|sin(30)\|0.5
	427	\|tan\|Calculates the tangent of the //number//.\|tan(45)\|1
	428	\|First_1h, First_1d, First_1mon\|Returns the value of the tag increment at the beginning of the current hour, day, and month\|First_1h(ti10101)\|32.26
	429	\|(% rowspan="4" %)ticker(<spacing>, <expression1>, <expression2(optional)>)\|(% rowspan="4" %)(((
	430	Executes expression1 when the interval is triggered, or expression2 otherwise. Expression2 may be missing. In this case, the calculation will be made only at the moment of triggering the interval.
	431
	432	The interval can be set as a number - periodicity in seconds, or as a string in quotation marks - cron rule.
	433
	434	If the formula contains prev, then you need to run the ticker using manual input and then reset it.
	435	)))\|ticker(3, if(ti2==1, prev5+3, prev5)) - ti2 set counter to 1, which is updated every 3 seconds\|60 sec
	436	\|ticker("0 0 8 * * *", 0, prev5+ti2-prev2) - accumulate tag changes with id 2 with a reset to 0 every day at 8 am\|(((
	437	at 7:59 – ticker = 100 sec.
	438
	439	at 8:00 – ticker = 0 sec.
	440	)))
	441	\|(((
	442	ticker("0 0 0 * * *", ti2, prev1) - the accumulation of tag changes from id 2 at the beginning of the day.
	443
	444	In this formula, you can specify //a specific time, as well as the day, month, and days of the week.//
	445	)))\|(((
	446	If at 00:00:00 ti2=120 minutes, then the ticker during this day will be equal to 120 minutes.
	447
94.2	448
101.1	449	)))
	450	\|(((
	451	ticker("0 0 0 1 * *", ti2, prev1) - accumulation of tag changes from id 2 at the beginning of the month.
	452
	453
	454	)))\|(((
	455	If on the 1st day of the month at 00:00:00 ti2=200 minutes, then the ticker during this month will be 200 minutes.
	456
	457
	458	)))
	459
101.2	460	Permissible variable designations in formulas are given in Table 2.3.
101.1	461
101.2	462	Table 2.3 – Designation of variables in formulas.
101.1	463
101.2	464	\|Variable\|Description
	465	\|[val]\|Current value of the telemeter from BDRV
	466	\|[x1], [x2], ...\|The binding of these variables is determined when describing the calculated parameters in the "Parameters" column.
	467	\|(((
	468	[tiN],
101.1	469
101.2	470	where N is the serial number of the TI
	471	)))\|The meaning of telemetering from the BDRV
	472	\|(((
	473	[devstatusN],
	474
	475	where N is the device number (ID)
	476	)))\|Device status (0 – disabled in the configuration; 1 – normal; 2 – at least one TUE has abnormal quality (out of bounds or error in the formula); 3 – device polling error (device is not available); 4 – manual input is present in the tags or channels of the device, 9 – no status).
	477	\|(((
	478	[devprevstatusN] or [prevdevstatusN]
	479
	480	where N is the device number (ID)
	481	)))\|Previous device status (0 – disabled in the configuration; 1 – normal; 2 – at least one TUE has abnormal quality (out of bounds or error in the formula); 3 – device polling error (device not available); 4 – manual input is present in the tags or channels of the device, 9 – no status).
	482	\|(((
	483	[prevN],
	484
	485	where N is the serial number of the TI
	486	)))\|Previous Value of Telemeter from BDRV
	487
113.2	488	==== 2.3.4. Configuring calculation channels ====
101.2	489
113.2	490	CENTO has the ability to create calculated accounting channels. A calculated channel can be created either based on the values of other channels or on the basis of tag values. In order to create a calculation channel, you need to go to the link "Settings" - "Devices, tags, channels" - "Calculation channels" (see Fig. 2.15).
	491
	492	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.58.58.png]]
	493
	494	Fig.2.15 – List of calculation channels
	495
	496	On the "Billing channels" tab, when you select one or more devices, all billing channels for metering these devices are displayed in a tabular form. In this table, you can perform the following operations for each parameter separately:
	497
	498	* Create a channel by pressing a button [[image:1762754384286-528.png\|\|height="24" width="121"]] and [[image:1762754384287-151.png\|\|height="26" width="114"]] in the upper right corner of the screen.
	499	* Go to the channel editing window by left-clicking on the tag name or tag ID.
	500	* View channel values and go to the graph page of the required parameter by clicking the left mouse button on the value.
	501	* enabling and disabling channel polling by switches in the "Status" column.
	502	* viewing the status of the settlement channel.
	503	* viewing the time of the last update of the tag (channel) poll – the date and time (in the format "yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss") of the last successful receipt of the tag (channel) value (the tag or channel value itself may not have changed).
	504	* copying and deleting channels by pressing buttons [[image:1762754384287-453.png\|\|height="21" width="21"]] and [[image:1762754384287-190.png\|\|height="22" width="22"]] respectively
	505	* preliminary check of the formula [[image:1762754384287-268.png\|\|height="27" width="26"]]
	506	* filter by category
	507	* filter by formula
	508	* filter by device.
	509
	510	More detailed use of calculation channels is described in the "Guide to setting up accounting channels".
	511
	512	== 3. CONFIGURING CENTO VIA EXCEL ==
	513
	514	The CENTO software provides the ability to configure the system via Excel files. The interface of this functionality is located on the Downloading/Uploading Configuration Files page (Menu item "Settings" – "Configuration Files"). (see Fig. 3.1).
	515
	516	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.02.21.png]]
	517
	518	Fig. 3.1– Download/Upload Configuration Files Page
	519
	520	With the help of Excel files, you can configure:
	521
	522	1. Devices (also device tree and device types);
	523	1. Tags and channels;
	524	1. Events;
	525	1. Information model (classes, elements, reference books);
	526	1. Telecontrol Lock Conditions;
	527	1. Accounting Channels.
	528	1. Tabular data directories.
	529	1. Alarm event recorders.
	530
	531	A .xlsx file with strictly defined tabs and columns is uploaded from this page with a single button. File correction is possible both through Excel and through other programs that work with the .xlsx table format, for example, LibreOffice. With another button, these files are uploaded to the server. After downloading, you need to apply the changes made by clicking the "Update configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page, as in Fig.3.2.
	532
	533	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.03.16.png\|\|height="248" width="232"]]
	534
	535	Fig. 3.2– Update Configuration Button
	536
	537	In addition to the web interface, power facilities and device types can be edited through the "Devices" table. On the first tab "List of objects" there is a table as in Figure 3.3
	538
	539	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.04.17.png\|\|height="194" width="384"]]
	540
	541	Fig. 3.3 – Table "List of objects"
	542
	543	The Object ID column contains unique numbers of the enterprise's power facilities. Their names are displayed in the "Object name" column. The "Parent Object ID" column determines where the power object will be located in the object tree, and if the cell is empty, then the object will lie at the root of the tree. Thus, the table shown in Figure 3.3 corresponds to the tree shown in Figure 3.4.
	544
	545	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.05.26.png\|\|height="300" width="238"]]
	546
	547	Fig. 3.4 – Tree of power facilities
	548
	549	The "Sorting" field determines where objects belonging to the same "parent" will be located relative to each other.
	550
	551	Adding new power facilities is carried out taking into account the ID of existing objects in the table. Object IDs must not be repeated.
	552
	553	The Device Types tab displays the device types available on the server (see Figure 3.5).
	554
	555	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.06.17.png\|\|height="286" width="268"]]
	556
	557	Fig. 3.5 – Table "Device Types"
	558
	559	The ID column of the device type displays the unique number of the device type, and the name column displays its name. To add new types, you must follow the numbering.
	560
	561	Editing other tabs in the Devices table and the Tags and Channels file is described in the setup guides for specific protocols and device types.
	562
	563	Setting up Events files is described in the Event System Configuration Guide.
	564
	565	The "Information Model Classes", "Information Model Elements" and "Information Model References" files are configured according to the "Information Model Setup Guide".
	566
	567	The rules for filling in the file "Telecontrol lock conditions" can be found in the "Remote Control Lock Settings Guide".
	568
	569	Working with accounting channels is described in the "Guide to setting up accounting channels".
	570
	571	The "Logger Settings" file is configured according to the "Alarm Event Recorder Configuration Guide".
	572
	573	"Tabular data references" are used in the mode calculation module, so their settings are specified in the "Mode Calculation Module Setup and Operation Manual".
	574
	575	== 4. EVENTS ==
	576
	577	"Events" in CENTO are designed to increase the observability of the system by tracking changes in the state of process equipment, recording changes in the event log and alerting users.
	578
	579	Events help personnel to respond in a timely manner to changes in the technological process and system operation.
	580
	581	* Event settings are located in the "Event Editor" menu item (see Fig. 4.1). Events that are configured on this page are included in the archive log of technological events, as well as in the operational log. For a more detailed description of the Event Editor page and how to configure technology events, see the Event System Setup Guide.
	582
114.2	583	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.07.47.png\|\|height="376" width="319"]]
	584
	585	Fig. 4.1 – Event Menu
	586
	587	* In the CENTO software, it is possible to notify users about the occurrence of events by e-mail in the "Notifications" menu item, the description and configuration of this functionality are described in the "Event System Configuration Guide".
	588	* In the "Sound Editor" menu, it is possible to upload files for sound notification of the occurrence of an event, the setting is also indicated in the "Event System Setup Guide".
	589
	590	== 5. MNEMONICS ==
	591
119.2	592	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.13.04.png\|\|height="403" width="658"]]
115.2	593
	594	Fig. 5.1 – Mnemonics
	595
	596	All mnemonic diagrams are developed in the built-in editor, which is located in the menu item "Mnemonics Diagrams" ("Settings" - "Mimic Diagrams" (see Fig. 5.1)). Available for viewing by the User are located in the tree of active mnemonic diagrams by clicking on the main menu of the CENTO software under the item [[image:1762755230293-190.png\|\|height="21" width="120"]]
	597
	598	Mimic diagrams display data from the polled devices, their tags and channels, in various forms of display (graphs, tables, reference information, animations of graphic elements, etc.).
	599
	600	More detailed use of mnemonic diagrams, their creation and configuration are described in the "Guide to the development of mnemonic diagrams".
	601
116.2	602	== 6. INFORMATION MODEL ==
115.2	603
	604	An information model is a tool for describing the object of automation (physical objects, equipment, processes, etc.). The information model allows you to reflect the structure and consolidate information on each created object in the form of attributes (measurements, reference values, regulatory documentation, etc.). The information model is widely used in CENTO: to simplify the configuration of large systems, to implement various functions, to differentiate rights by objects.
	605
	606	The IM can be configured in the web editor "Information Model Editor" (see Fig. 6.1).
116.2	607
119.2	608	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.15.02.png\|\|height="397" width="1060"]]
116.2	609
	610	Fig. 6.1 – Information Model Editor Page
	611
117.2	612	With the help of this editor, directories, classes, and objects of the Information Model are created.
116.2	613
	614	For a detailed description of how to set up an information model, see the Information Model Setup Guide.
	615
117.2	616	== 7. SYSTEM SETTINGS ==
	617
	618	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.16.25.png]]
	619
	620	Fig.7.1 – Menu "System"
	621
118.2	622	The CENTO software administrator has access to settings from the "System" menu item, as shown in Figure 7.1.
117.2	623
118.2	624	1. Menu Editor – allows you to configure the CENTO main menu (see the "Administration Guide. Menu Editing").
	625	1. User rights - configure access to various sections and interfaces of CENTO (see "Guide to setting up access rights").
	626	1. System information – contains information about active modules, the number of tags/channels used, as well as the services installed on the server.
	627	1. Mail servers are used to receive and send information through mail servers (event-based notifications, xml layouts). Fig.7.2 shows an example of configured outgoing and incoming mail servers.
117.2	628
118.2	629	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.17.36.png]]
	630
119.2	631	Fig.7.2 – Setting up mail servers
118.2	632
120.2	633	To create a server, click [[image:1762755556265-323.png\|\|height="24" width="85"]] in the upper right part of the interface. After that, a page for creating a mail server will open, see Fig.7.3.
119.2	634
120.2	635	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.19.52.png\|\|height="378" width="512"]]
119.2	636
120.2	637	Fig.7.3 – Creating a mail server
119.2	638
120.3	639	* "Name" - the name of the mail server is written
	640	* "Status" - enable/disable
	641	* "Protocol" - if you select SMTP, an outgoing mail server will be created, and for POP3 and IMAP protocols, an incoming mail server will be created
	642	* "Sender's address" - the sender's e-mail address
	643	* "Server" - the address of the server
	644	* "Port" - connection port
	645	* "User Name" means the user's name
	646	* "Password" - the password of the mail
	647	* "Use SSl/TLS" - enable/disable communication encryption
120.2	648	* "Use authentication" - depends on the settings of the mail server, enabled if the type of authorization with authentication is configured.
	649
121.2	650	5. System Settings – allows you to configure:
120.2	651
120.3	652	* depth of storage of tag values/flexible reports/system log/technological log (see Fig. 7.4), after the expiration of the depth period, the data will be deleted from the database:
120.2	653
122.2	654	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.22.12.png\|\|height="242" width="632"]]
120.2	655
121.2	656	Fig.7.4 – Setting the storage depth
120.3	657
122.2	658	* change the language of the system (see Fig.7.5) After changing the language, the language in the CENTO interfaces will be changed (except for the information entered by the user himself when configuring the system, for example: names of devices, tags, symbols on mnemonic circuits, etc.)
	659
126.2	660	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.23.20.png\|\|height="214" width="972"]]
122.2	661
	662	Fig.7.5 – Selection of the system language
	663
123.2	664	* server redundancy and backup of configuration/live data of tags and accounting channels/logs/reports (see "Backup Guide");
	665	* To change the row height for all tables in the CENTO interfaces, see Figure 7.6:
	666
126.2	667	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.24.28.png\|\|height="217" width="974"]]
123.2	668
	669	Fig.7.6 – Adjusting rows in interface tables
	670
	671	* Changing the start page of the system.
	672
	673	To apply the changes, you need to refresh the browser page.
	674
124.2	675	== 8. TRANSFER KITS ==
	676
	677	A number of methods are provided for the transfer of information (tags, channels) from CENTO to third-party systems:
	678
	679	* Transmission via IEC-60870-5-104 protocol (tags);
	680	* Transmission via MODBUS TCP (tags);
	681	* Transfer to third-party MS SQL or MySQL databases (channels);
	682	* Transmission of electricity metering data in the form of XML files (channels);
	683	* Transmission via the OPC UA protocol (tags, channels);
	684	* Transfer via API (tags, channels, device trees, objects, information model attributes, etc.)
	685
	686	Data transfer via the OPC UA protocol and API does not require additional settings and is available after the installation of the appropriate modules in the system.
	687
152.7	688	Data transfer by other methods is carried out through the so-called Transmission Sets. Setting up Sets for transfer is located in the "Set Editor" (see Fig. 8.1) and the procedure for working with this interface is described in more detail in the "Guide to setting up sets for transmission".
124.2	689
126.2	690	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.26.20.png\|\|height="174" width="990"]]
124.2	691
152.7	692	Fig.8.1 – Set Editor
125.1	693
	694	== 9. LIGHTING CONTROL ==
	695
127.2	696	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.28.49.png\|\|height="174" width="695"]]
	697
152.7	698	Fig.9.1 – Lighting control
127.2	699
152.7	700	The "Lighting Control" page (see Fig. 9.1) ("Settings" - "Lighting Control") is used to enable/disable lighting objects from the "Lighting Control Module" schedule. The operation of this module is described in the "Lighting Control Module Setup Guide".
127.2	701
	702	== 10. TOOLING ==
	703
	704	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.29.51.png\|\|height="354" width="291"]]
133.2	705
152.7	706	Fig.10.1 – Tools menu
133.2	707
152.7	708	The CENTO software administrator has access to settings from the "Tools" menu item, as shown in Figure 10.1:
133.2	709
152.7	710	~1. Monitoring – allows you to view the list of installed services in a tabular form (see Fig.10.2), there are filters in the Name and Status columns [[image:1762756224414-911.png]] , and sorting buttons in others [[image:1762756224415-121.png]] . Also, data on services can be viewed in a graphical representation on the tab [[image:1762756224415-521.png]] (see Fig.10.3). Data can be downloaded by clicking a button [[image:1762756224415-118.png\|\|height="24" width="97"]] to a .xlsx file (see Fig.10.4), for a certain period of time selected in the calendar [[image:1762756224415-292.png\|\|height="24" width="254"]]
133.2	711
149.2	712	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.31.16.png]]
	713
152.7	714	Fig.10.2 – List of services in tabular form
149.2	715
	716	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.32.04.png]]
	717
152.7	718	Fig.10.3 – Service schedules
149.2	719
	720	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.32.34.png\|\|height="401" width="348"]]
	721
152.7	722	Fig.10.4 – Metrics in excel
149.2	723
152.7	724	In addition to information about the operation of services, in this interface, you can view data on Users who use CENTO Software (see Fig. 10.5).
149.2	725
	726	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.33.14.png]]
	727
152.7	728	Fig.10.5 – Users in CENTO software interfaces
149.2	729
	730	This page displays information about Users who have used the CENTO software interfaces with the ability to search [[image:1762756421096-660.png]] by and sort [[image:1762756421096-718.png]] :
	731
	732	* User name – displays the name of the user logged in;
	733	* Login – the authorization login is displayed;
	734	* Role – the roles assigned to the user are displayed;
	735	* IP address - network address of the user's workplace;
	736	* Connection time – the connection time is displayed in the format "yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss";
	737	* Disconnection time - displays the time of disconnection of the user from the system in the format "yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss";
	738	* Actions – contains a button [[image:1762756421096-315.png]] – "end all user sessions";
	739	* The Log button opens the System Events log with a filter of user connections and disconnections.
	740
	741	2. Server Reservation – This item displays information about server reservations, the interface is described in the "Backup Guide".
	742
152.7	743	3. Applications —Provides access to additional applications that can be used on the system. This is currently the "CENTO Client" (see Figure 10.6)
149.2	744
	745	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.34.57.png\|\|height="254" width="627"]]
	746
152.8	747	Fig.10.6 – Appendices
149.2	748
	749	The application is installed on the user's workplace. Allows you to work with CENTO without using a browser. After downloading the application for a certain type of operating system, it is necessary to run the file and enter the IP address of the server, after which the User gets to the authorization page, as without using this application.
	750
	751	== 11. OTHER SETTINGS IN INTERFACES ==
	752
	753	=== 11.1. Analysis of real-time data ===
	754
152.8	755	On the page "Analysis of operational data" ("Analysis" - "Operational data") there is a tab "Time" (Fig. 11.1), which is designed for time control on devices capable of transmitting their internal time to CENTO. In order for such devices to appear in the interface, time is collected from them into a tag with a name, for example, "Device time" in a string in the format YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS. Next [[image:1762756612986-850.png\|\|height="24" width="25"]] , the system will find all tags with this name and compare the time specified in them with the time of the last polling of the device. The difference will be displayed in the right column and will give the User an understanding of how many seconds the time of the device differs from the server time.
149.2	756
	757	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.37.36.png\|\|height="352" width="806"]]
	758
152.8	759	Fig. 11.1 – Analysis of live data, "Time" tab
149.2	760
	761	=== 11.2. Analysis of metering data ===
	762
152.8	763	On the page "Analysis of Metering data" ("Analysis" - "Metering Data"), in the Devices and Objects trees, it is possible to remove the tree levels (see Fig. 11.2) to display the path of the linked device in the table header (see Fig. 11.3) in the configuration window called by the button [[image:1762756705490-371.png\|\|height="30" width="31"]] that is available to the User with the Administrator role. These settings are applied to all users.
149.2	764
	765	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.38.55.png\|\|height="81" width="181"]]
	766
152.8	767	Fig. 11.2 – Setting the Display of Tree Levels
149.2	768
	769	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.39.58.png\|\|height="279" width="809"]]
	770
152.8	771	Fig. 11.3 – Display Tree Levels According to Setting
149.2	772
	773	=== 11.3. Logs ===
	774
	775	In any event log ("Logs" - "Technological Events" - "Video Cameras" - "Oscillograms" - "Power Quality" - "Device Events" - System Events - "All Events") it is possible for the User with the Administrator role to change the width of columns by hovering over their borders and dragging them left/right. This appearance display will apply to all Users.
	776
152.8	777	[[image:1762756832283-936.png]] - Log display configuration button (down left corner). By default, it is present only in the User interface with Administrator rights. Clicking this button opens a pop-up window (Fig. 11.4), in which the User sets the height of the rows in the log, the method of displaying the paths to the device and the IM object: chooses how many levels to display starting from the device or hide starting from the root of the tree, the same choice with the tree of objects of the information model. Selects the alignment in the columns (centered, left, or right). It also edits the display/hiding of columns and their placement relative to each other by dragging and dropping the icon [[image:1762756832283-360.png]]
149.2	778
	779	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.41.27.png\|\|height="613" width="429"]]
	780
152.8	781	Fig. 11.4 – Configure Log Display
149.2	782
154.1	783	== 12. BASIC CONCEPTS AND ABBREVIATIONS ==
149.2	784
	785	DB – database;
	786
	787	Real-Time Database
	788
	789	Software – software;
	790
	791
151.1	792	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.45.17.png]]