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1 == **CONTENT** ==
2
3 1. Introduction
4
5 2. Devices, tags, channels
6
7 2.1. Creating a device tree
8
9 2.2. Creating devices
10
11 2.3. Set up tags and channels
12
13 2.3.1. Adding a protocol tag
14
15 2.3.2. Add a calculation tag
16
17 2.3.3. Setting up calculation formulas
18
19 2.3.4. Configuring calculation channels
20
21 3. Configuring CENTO via Excel
22
23 4. Events
24
25 5. Mnemonics
26
27 6. Information model
28
29 7.  System settings
30
31 8. Transfer kits
32
33 9. Lighting control
34
35 10. Tooling
36
37 ~11. Other settings in interfaces
38
39 11.1. Analysis of real-time data
40
41 11.2. Analysis of metering data
42
43 11.3. Logs
44
45 12. Basic concepts and abbreviations
46
47
48 (% data-numbered-headings-start="1" data-xwiki-rendering-protected="true" style="--numbered-headings-start: 0;" %)
49 ==
50 **~= 1. INTRODUCTION ~=** ==
51
52 CENTO is a multifunctional software platform for data collection, processing, and display.
53 CENTO can be used to build various automated systems, for example: dispatching, control, accounting, diagnostics, etc.
54 This guide describes the general steps for setting up CENTO software, as well as links to other instructions.
55
56 (% data-numbered-headings-start="1" style="--numbered-headings-start: 0;" %)
57 == **~=~= 2. DEVICES, TAGS, CHANNELS ~=~=** ==
58
59 Operations for configuring the CENTO software are performed from the drop-down menu "Settings" (see Fig. 2.1) of the control panel at the top of the CENTO graphical interface.
60 \\[[image:1762536204394-536.png||height="430" width="212"]]
61 Fig. 2.1 – Settings drop-down menu
62
63 === 2.1. Creating a device tree ===
64
65 Configuration begins with the creation of a tree of devices (sources of information). The device tree is formed based on the convenience of further work with this tree and can reflect either the structure and names of the places where information sources are installed, or (in the case of small projects) combine information sources and production facilities of the enterprise.  This tree is necessary for the subsequent attribution of all sources of information and the information itself to this structure.
66
67 To configure the structure, go to the "Devices, tags, channels" page (Settings – Devices, tags, channels) (see Fig. 2.2).
68
69 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.07.38.png||height="150" width="1018"]]
70
71 Fig. 2.2 – Devices, Tags, Channels Page
72
73 By default, CENTO has a "Root Object" preset. Under the root object, you can specify, for example, the name of a company or a separate object. In order to rename a tree element, you need to hover the mouse pointer over it and right-click, and then select "Edit" (see Fig. 2.3). You can also delete an unnecessary object by clicking on the button [[image:1762746580637-301.png]]
74
75
76 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.06.44.png||height="332" width="501"]]
77
78 Fig. 2.3 – Editing an object
79
80 **Attention! There must be no tethered devices in the power facility for removal.**
81
82
83 Adding objects in the structure (name of the system or enterprise) is performed by right-clicking (hereinafter referred to as the "RMB") on:
84
85 * Selected object in the tree, in which case the new object will be nested;
86 * In the empty space of a given tree, in this case, the new object will be an independent object in this structure.
87
88 The sequence and nesting of objects in the tree can be adjusted by dragging objects by holding down the left mouse button (see Fig. 2.4), as well as by using [[image:1762746645908-483.png]] and [[image:1762746672090-269.png]]selecting the desired object in the tree (see Fig. 2.5).
89
90 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.05.39.png||height="213" width="499"]]
91
92 Fig. 2.4 – Dragging a New Object Inside the Tree
93
94 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.05.00.png||height="407" width="496"]]
95
96 Fig. 2.5 – Dragging a New Object Inside the Tree
97
98 To select all objects, click on the button [[image:1762746768528-956.png]] ,  and it will change its appearance to [[image:1762746794500-389.png]]. To reset the selection of all objects in the tree, click on this button again [[image:1762746812138-731.png]]. To collapse the tree, click on , and [[image:1762746841632-572.png]] to expand it [[image:1762746869342-141.png]]. To change the width of the tree, you need to hover over the vertical line, and drag right/left while holding down the click and click.
99
100 The search input field [[image:1762746912120-741.png]] allows you to search for information by the name of the tree object, the name of the device, as well as its ID or Code.
101
102 Adding and configuring power facilities to CENTO is possible both through the above-described WEB-interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
103
104 === 2.2. Creating devices ===
105
106 You can create new devices (information sources) and edit existing ones on the "Devices, tags, channels" page ("Settings" – "Devices, tags, channels") (see Fig. 2.6).
107
108 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.04.03.png]]
109
110 Fig. 2.6 – Devices page
111
112 On this page, you can perform the following operations:
113
114 * Creating a device by clicking the button [[image:1762747055524-817.png||height="22" width="94"]] in the upper right corner of the screen;
115 * downloading/uploading selected devices to an Excel file by pressing a button [[image:1762747071069-512.png||height="21" width="88"]] , which allows you to configure devices for scanning without uploading the entire configuration on the page from section 3;
116 * go to the device editing window by left-clicking on the device name or its ID;
117 * search for an already configured device by selecting in the object tree and searching for devices in these objects manually or through filters in the headers of the device table, where [[image:1762747071070-762.png||height="25" width="30"]] it searches by ID or by Code, depending on the user's choice;
118 * enabling and disabling device polling by switches in the "Status" column;
119 * viewing the status of the device and polling it according to the configured protocols;
120 * copying an untagged device [[image:1762747071070-928.png||height="24" width="24"]] with its tags [[image:1762747071070-641.png||height="25" width="24"]] and deleting devices [[image:1762747071071-408.png||height="23" width="23"]] ;
121 * filter by category;
122 * filter by formula;
123 * filter by device.
124
125 Clicking on the button will open the [[image:1762747182802-715.png||height="26" width="110"]] "Create a device" page, where you need to enter the parameters of the new device (see Fig. 2.7).
126
127 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.02.13.png]]
128
129 Fig. 2.7 – Device Creation Page
130
131 In order to edit an already configured device, click on its name on the "Devices" page, which will take you to the "Device Editing" page (see Fig. 2.8).
132
133 To speed up the creation of a device group, CENTO has the function of copying devices with all their settings by clicking the button [[image:1762747218001-134.png||height="27" width="27"]] on the "Devices, tags, channels" page (see Fig. 2.6). Next, you need to change the configuration in accordance with the project, also going to the "Edit device" page.
134
135 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.01.08.png]]
136
137 Fig. 2.8 – Device Editing Page
138
139 The "Create Device" window ("Edit Device") consists of 2 blocks. The first block "General settings" has the same view for all devices. In the second block, you are asked to select and enter settings for the device polling protocol. For each device, it is possible to poll according to 2 or more protocols, for example, for electricity meters (polling real-time parameters, downloading archives of accumulated interval values of electricity) (see Fig. 2.8).
140
141 The "General settings" block contains the following fields:
142
143 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.32.16.png||height="57" width="240"]]
144
145 Device name.
146
147 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.23.37.png||height="57" width="232"]]
148
149 Select a template that corresponds to the selected device from the drop-down list or create a new one using the "+" button.
150
151 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.26.11.png||height="58" width="235"]]
152
153 Identification number of the device in the system (by default, it is set automatically).
154
155 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.27.03.png||height="59" width="240"]]
156
157 IP address of the device.
158
159 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.28.08.png||height="58" width="240"]]
160
161 Serial number (for electricity meters).
162
163 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.29.00.png||height="57" width="241"]]
164
165 The object to which the device belongs.
166
167 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.30.58.png||height="74" width="242"]]
168
169 Stores a note on the device.
170
171 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.31.47.png||height="57" width="243"]]
172
173 Binding the device to the object of the information model.
174
175 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.33.17.png||height="29" width="129"]]
176
177 Allows you to replace the existing device with a new one, saving the metering data (after clicking, an additional window with instructions pops up, see Fig. 2.9).
178
179 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.34.00.png||height="364" width="720"]]
180
181 Fig. 2.9 – Window "Replacement of the metering device"
182
183 After filling in the required fields, you should click on the "Save" button.
184
185 Then, to apply the changes, you need to click the "Update Configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page.
186
187 Adding devices and configuring protocols to CENTO is possible both through the above-described WEB-interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
188
189 The rules and features of setting up devices and protocols are described in separate commissioning manuals.
190
191 After you add a new device, it appears in the device tree on the Devices page. The device name in the tree and in the device table may be preceded by one of the following icons ("statuses"), which are described in Table 2.1.
192
193 Table 2.1 – Device status decoding
194
195 |Status Number|Device Status|Decoding
196 |0|[[image:1762749353292-521.png]]|Disabled (device polling disabled in CENTO)
197 |1|[[image:1762749353293-182.png]]|Normal (the device is connected, tags arrive without errors)
198 |2|[[image:1762749353293-752.png]]|Data in the device with errors (some tags come with errors or are not polled)
199 |3|[[image:1762749353293-611.png]]|Device is not available (device polling is enabled, but the device is not responding)
200 |4|[[image:1762749353293-609.png]]|Tags or channels by device contain data with manual input
201 |9|[[image:1762749353294-893.png]]|Status Not Available (Status Not Yet Received or Not Available)
202
203 === 2.3. Set up tags and channels ===
204
205 In CENTO software, information is divided into 2 types: tags and channels.
206
207 Tags are data, conditionally, "real-time". That is, data collected from sources of information with the lowest possible delays. The frequency of updating the value of each tag depends on the settings you set, the technical features of the data sources, and their capabilities. For example, in dispatching systems, data is updated once per second, but it can be both more frequent and less frequent (for example, it may depend on how much the value itself has changed).
208
209 Channels are data used for metering (electricity, other energy resources, operating time, products, etc.). A feature of metering channels is a clearly defined discreteness of information (for example: 1 minute, 3 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, etc.). The value of the channel is recorded as an increment of a value for a given period, averaging for a given period and a value at the end of the period. In metering systems, information is most often transmitted in this form by the data sources themselves (meters, heat calculators, etc.), but accounting channels can also be formed in CENTO itself based on tag values. The use of information in the form of "channels" in accounting allows you to receive information from data sources even in case of failures in communication channels (data can be obtained from the archive after the connection is restored), it is convenient to work with data, and generate various reports.
210
211 Tags and accounting channels are configured on the same page "Devices, tags, channels" ("Settings" - "Devices, tags, channels") on the "Tags, channels" tab (see Fig. 2.10).
212
213 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.38.04.png]]
214
215 Fig. 2.10 – Parameter Description Page
216
217 On the "Tags, Channels" tab, when selecting one or more devices, all tags and channels of device data accounting are displayed in a tabular form. In this table, you can perform the following operations for each signal separately:
218
219 * Create a tag or channel by clicking [[image:1762749527914-134.png||height="20" width="117"]] the button in the upper right corner of the screen.
220 * the button [[image:1762749527915-501.png||height="21" width="69"]] allows you to export data on selected tags to an excel table, completely repeating columns and rows from "Tags, channels", while this uploaded file serves only for analysis, not configuration;
221 * The button [[image:1762749527915-879.png||height="21" width="85"]] allows you to upload/download an Excel file with selected tags, in which you can remove/add tags to specific devices without downloading the entire configuration from the page from section 3 of this manual;
222 * Go to the tag or channel editing window by clicking the left mouse button on the tag name or its ID;
223 * viewing the values of tags and channels and going to the graph page of the required parameter by clicking the left mouse button on the value;
224 * enabling and disabling tag (channel) polling by radio buttons in the "Status" column;
225 * viewing the status of the tag (channel) and its polling;
226 * viewing the time of the last update of the tag (channel) survey – the date and time (in the format "yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss") of the last successful receipt of the tag (channel) value (the value of the tag or channel itself may not have changed);
227 * copying and deleting tags and channels by clicking buttons [[image:1762749562010-279.png||height="25" width="25"]] and [[image:1762749562011-728.png||height="24" width="24"]] respectively.
228
229 ==== 2.3.1. Adding a protocol tag ====
230
231 To create a separate tag, click on the "Create Tag" button. This will open the "Tag Polling Creation" page (see Figure 2.11).
232
233 To display the protocol settings, you must first select the device (data source). After that, a set of protocols configured for the device will appear in the "Protocol" drop-down list (see p.2.2).
234
235 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.42.20.png]]
236
237 Fig. 2.11 – Adding a protocol tag
238
239 The "Tag Polling Creation" window consists of 4 blocks. The first block "General settings" contains the settings of the protocol that is configured in the device for which the tag is created. The second block contains the settings of the protocol through which the tag is passed (appears when the protocol is selected). The third block contains functions for processing the value of the tag. In the fourth block, the tag settings are configured, which determine the permissible limits of its change and the system's reaction to violation of these limits.
240
241 ----
242
243 The "General settings" block contains the following fields:
244
245 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.43.37.png||height="51" width="258"]]
246
247 Parameter name (set by the user).
248
249 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.44.12.png||height="51" width="257"]]
250
251 Selection of the parameter category.
252
253 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.45.47.png||height="51" width="257"]]
254
255 The alphabetic code of the tag, which can be used instead of ID (it is possible to enter numbers, Latin letters and the symbol _ ).
256
257 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.46.25.png||height="51" width="257"]]
258
259 The identity address of the parameter. Default is set automatically, and can be changed.
260
261 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.47.06.png||height="49" width="125"]]
262
263 Units of measurement of the parameter.
264
265 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.47.38.png||height="53" width="255"]]
266
267 The device from which the parameter is read.
268
269 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.49.12.png||height="53" width="258"]]
270
271 Protocol used (the list of protocols is formed from the configured protocols for the selected device).
272
273 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.49.50.png||height="58" width="98"]]
274
275 Affects the appearance of charting on the "Live Data" analysis page, if the tag is analog, then the switch should be like in the picture.
276
277 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.50.20.png||height="70" width="254"]]
278
279 Stores a note on the tag, does not affect the survey.
280
281 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.51.17.png||height="57" width="115"]]
282
283 Appears for tags with a protocol, saves the history of changing values. When the "Save to database" function is disabled, tag data is not transferred to the backup server and is not transmitted via the S2S protocol.
284
285 Depending on the selected device, the protocol specified when creating the device will be automatically selected in the "Protocol" field.
286
287 The rules, description, and specifics of setting up tags in terms of protocols are described in separate setup manuals.
288
289 ----
290
291 The "Processing" block contains the following fields:
292
293 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.34.56.png||height="60" width="289"]]
294
295 The formula for mathematical processing of the parameter (according to a predetermined formula or the user's formula). Clicking on the "+" opens the window for creating a new formula, which then appears in the list of templates.
296
297 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.36.47.png||height="18" width="139"]]
298
299 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.37.18.png]]
300
301 A field for entering a custom formula, not from the list of templates.
302
303 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.41.53.png||height="26" width="158"]]
304
305 Button to open help with formulas.
306
307 ----
308
309 The "Setpoints" block contains settings for the following limits:
310
311 * upper physical limit
312 * a lower physical limit
313 * upper emergency limit
314 * lower emergency limit
315 * upper warning limit
316 * Lower warning limit.
317
318 ----
319
320 Each of the above limits has the following settings:
321
322 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.44.56.png||height="66" width="49"]]
323
324 Enabling/disabling value control.
325
326 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.45.38.png||height="66" width="111"]]
327
328 Limit value in units specified by the tag.
329
330 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.46.31.png||height="66" width="111"]]
331
332 Exposure time in milliseconds before the setpoint is triggered.
333
334 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.47.13.png||height="66" width="111"]]
335
336 Enabling/disabling the acknowledgment of the event that occurs when the setpoint is triggered.
337
338 To save the tag settings, click the button [[image:1762753677285-432.png]]
339
340 Then, to apply the changes, you need to click the "Update Configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page.
341
342 Adding tags to CENTO is possible both through the above-described web interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
343
344 The rules and specifics for setting up tags for different protocols and devices are described in separate configuration guides.
345
346 ==== 2.3.2. Add a calculation tag ====
347
348 If you select the "No log" item in the "Tag Polling Description" window (see Fig. 2.11) in the "Log" field, a calculated tag will be created, the value of which can be formed based on the transformation of other tags.
349
350 The value of the calculated tag is determined by the formula entered in the "Value Processing Formula" field (see Fig. 2.11) or by the Custom Formula (see Fig. 2.12). Examples of formulas are given under the Value Processing Formula field. The available features are also listed in Table 2.1 of this manual.
351
352 For calculation tags, setpoints can be configured in the same way as tags with protocols.
353
354 After filling in the required fields, you should save the changes by clicking the button  [[image:1762753769568-573.png||height="23" width="60"]]. Then, to apply the changes, you need to click the "Update Configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page.
355
356 Adding calculation tags to CENTO, as well as other configuration elements, is possible through the above-described web interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
357
358 ==== 2.3.3. Setting up calculation formulas ====
359
360 For calculated tags (see section 2.3.2), different processing formulas are used. If you use the same type of formulas for a number of tags, you should make a description of these formulas so that you can use them to process any required tag.
361
362 You can add new formulas and adjust existing formulas on the Tag Polling Description page (Settings – Devices, Tags, Channels, Tags, Channels tab).
363
364 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.51.34.png||height="251" width="253"]]
365
366 Fig. 2.12 – Editing Formula Templates
367
368 To adjust the existing formula, you should:
369
370 * click on the "Template" field to open the list of available formula templates and use the mouse wheel to find the desired formula (see Fig. 2.12)
371 * hover over it until the "edit" and "delete" symbols appear [[image:1762753922390-602.png||height="21" width="168"]]
372 * if the template needs to be deleted, click on the "Delete" icon
373 * if the template needs to be corrected, click on the "Edit" icon
374 * The Edit Formula window opens (see Figure 2.13), where you can change the name of the formula in the Name field, and you can change the formula itself in the Formula field. There is also a hint with examples in the window
375 * To save the changes, click the button  [[image:1762753922390-303.png||height="21" width="55"]]
376
377 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.53.06.png||height="607" width="397"]]
378
379 Fig. 2.13– Edit Formulas Page
380
381 To add a new formula, on the Tag Polling Description page, click the button [[image:1762754032495-106.png||height="25" width="27"]]
382
383 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.54.20.png||height="600" width="402"]]
384
385 Fig. 2.14– Formula Creation Page
386
387 On the "Formula Creation" page that opens (see Fig. 2.14), you need to enter the name of the new formula and the formula itself in the "Formula" field.
388
389 In the expression of the formula, arithmetic operations, conditions, calls of mathematical and special functions, etc., are allowed.
390
391 The functions used in the formulas are described in Table 2.2.
392
393 Table 2.2 – Functions used in formulas.
394
395 |Function|Description|Use|Result
396 |Bit|Returns the value of a single specified bit|Bit(4,2)|1
397 |Bits|Returns the value of multiple specified bits|Bits(12,2,2)|3
398 |if|Returns a value based on whether or not a specified condition is met.|if(3-2 = 1, 'value is true', 'value is false')|'value is true'
399 |(% rowspan="2" %)Pow|(% rowspan="2" %)Returns a value raised to the specified power.|Pow(3, 2)|9
400 |Pow([dev-101-ea_imp],2)|(((
401 Dev-101-ea_imp=6
402
403 36
404 )))
405 |(% rowspan="2" %)Round|(% rowspan="2" %)Rounding a value to the nearest integer or a certain number of decimal places.|Round(3.222, 2)|3.22
406 |Round([dev-101-ea_imp],1)|(((
407 Dev-101-ea_imp=6.66
408
409 6.6
410 )))
411 |agg|Aggregates all tag values per interval by function. The result publishes to the timestamp of the end of the interval|agg(mean, ti42, 3m) - average of tag 42 over 3 minutes|35
412 |Abs|Returns the modulus //of a number//.|ABS(-1,234)|1,234
413 |sign|Returns the sign of a //number// in the form 1~|0 ~|-1.|sign(-1,234)|-1
414 |Sqrt|Returns the square root of a given number|Sqrt(4)|2
415 |rndfloat|Returns a random real number from the range [0.0,1.0]|rndfloat()|0.123
416 |rndintn|Returns a random integer from the range [0,n]|rndintn(5)|3
417 |split|Splits a //row// by a given //separator// and returns a substring by //index//|split("02-01-2006 15:04",' ',1)|"15:04"
418 |parsetime|Returns the number of seconds since the beginning of the Unix epoch according to //the format// from //the string//|parsetime('yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss', "2017-05-26 15:58:30")|1495814310
419 |Time|Returns the current time in the specified format|time('dd.MM.yyyy HH:mi:ss')|16.04.2020 01:41:07
420 |Unixepochformat|Converts the date from //seconds// since the beginning of the Unix era to a given //format//|Unixepochformat(1495814310, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss')|2017-05-26 15:58:30
421 |acos|Returns the arccosine of the //number//.|acos(0)|90
422 |asin|Returns the arc sine of //the number//.|asin(1)|90
423 |atan|Returns the arctangent of the //number//.|atan(1)|45
424 |atan2|Returns the arctangent for the specified //x// and //y coordinates//.|atan2(1, 0)|90
425 |cos|Calculates the cosine of a //number//.|COS(60)|0.5
426 |pi|Returns the value of Pi.|pi()|3.141592653589793
427 |sin|Calculates the sine of a //number//.|sin(30)|0.5
428 |tan|Calculates the tangent of the //number//.|tan(45)|1
429 |First_1h, First_1d, First_1mon|Returns the value of the tag increment at the beginning of the current hour, day, and month|First_1h(ti10101)|32.26
430 |(% rowspan="4" %)ticker(<spacing>, <expression1>, <expression2(optional)>)|(% rowspan="4" %)(((
431 Executes expression1 when the interval is triggered, or expression2 otherwise. Expression2 may be missing. In this case, the calculation will be made only at the moment of triggering the interval.
432
433 The interval can be set as a number - periodicity in seconds, or as a string in quotation marks - cron rule.
434
435 **If the formula contains prev, then you need to run the ticker using manual input and then reset it**.
436 )))|ticker(3, if(ti2==1, prev5+3, prev5)) - ti2 set counter to 1, which is updated every 3 seconds|60 sec
437 |ticker("0 0 8 * * *", 0, prev5+ti2-prev2) - accumulate tag changes with id 2 with a reset to 0 every day at 8 am|(((
438 at 7:59 – ticker = 100 sec.
439
440 at 8:00 – ticker = 0 sec.
441 )))
442 |(((
443 ticker("0 0 0 * * *", ti2, prev1) - the accumulation of tag changes from id 2 at the beginning of the day.
444
445 In this formula, you can specify //a specific time, as well as the day, month, and days of the week.//
446 )))|(((
447 If at 00:00:00 ti2=120 minutes, then the ticker during this day will be equal to 120 minutes.
448
449
450 )))
451 |(((
452 ticker("0 0 0 1 * *", ti2, prev1) - accumulation of tag changes from id 2 at the beginning of the month.
453
454
455 )))|(((
456 If on the 1st day of the month at 00:00:00 ti2=200 minutes, then the ticker during this month will be 200 minutes.
457
458
459 )))
460
461 Permissible variable designations in formulas are given in Table 2.3.
462
463 Table 2.3 – Designation of variables in formulas.
464
465 |Variable|Description
466 |[val]|Current value of the telemeter from BDRV
467 |[x1], [x2], ...|The binding of these variables is determined when describing the calculated parameters in the "Parameters" column.
468 |(((
469 [tiN],
470
471 where N is the serial number of the TI
472 )))|The meaning of telemetering from the BDRV
473 |(((
474 [devstatusN],
475
476 where N is the device number (ID)
477 )))|Device status (0 – disabled in the configuration; 1 – normal; 2 – at least one TUE has abnormal quality (out of bounds or error in the formula); 3 – device polling error (device is not available); 4 – manual input is present in the tags or channels of the device, 9 – no status).
478 |(((
479 [devprevstatusN] or [prevdevstatusN]
480
481 where N is the device number (ID)
482 )))|Previous device status (0 – disabled in the configuration; 1 – normal; 2 – at least one TUE has abnormal quality (out of bounds or error in the formula); 3 – device polling error (device not available); 4 – manual input is present in the tags or channels of the device, 9 – no status).
483 |(((
484 [prevN],
485
486 where N is the serial number of the TI
487 )))|Previous Value of Telemeter from BDRV
488
489 ==== 2.3.4. Configuring calculation channels ====
490
491 CENTO has the ability to create calculated accounting channels. A calculated channel can be created either based on the values of other channels or on the basis of tag values. In order to create a calculation channel, you need to go to the link "Settings" - "Devices, tags, channels" - "Calculation channels" (see Fig. 2.15).
492
493 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.58.58.png]]
494
495 Fig.2.15 – List of calculation channels
496
497 On the "Billing channels" tab, when you select one or more devices, all billing channels for metering these devices are displayed in a tabular form. In this table, you can perform the following operations for each parameter separately:
498
499 * Create a channel by pressing a button [[image:1762754384286-528.png||height="24" width="121"]] and [[image:1762754384287-151.png||height="26" width="114"]] in the upper right corner of the screen.
500 * Go to the channel editing window by left-clicking on the tag name or tag ID.
501 * View channel values and go to the graph page of the required parameter by clicking the left mouse button on the value.
502 * enabling and disabling channel polling by switches in the "Status" column.
503 * viewing the status of the settlement channel.
504 * viewing the time of the last update of the tag (channel) poll – the date and time (in the format "yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss") of the last successful receipt of the tag (channel) value (the tag or channel value itself may not have changed).
505 * copying and deleting channels by pressing buttons [[image:1762754384287-453.png||height="21" width="21"]] and [[image:1762754384287-190.png||height="22" width="22"]] respectively
506 * preliminary check of the formula [[image:1762754384287-268.png||height="27" width="26"]]
507 * filter by category
508 * filter by formula
509 * filter by device.
510
511 More detailed use of calculation channels is described in the "Guide to setting up accounting channels".
512
513 == 3. CONFIGURING CENTO VIA EXCEL ==
514
515 The CENTO software provides the ability to configure the system via Excel files. The interface of this functionality is located on the Downloading/Uploading Configuration Files page (Menu item "Settings" – "Configuration Files"). (see Fig. 3.1).
516
517 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.02.21.png]]
518
519 Fig. 3.1– Download/Upload Configuration Files Page
520
521 With the help of Excel files, you can configure:
522
523 1. Devices (also device tree and device types);
524 1. Tags and channels;
525 1. Events;
526 1. Information model (classes, elements, reference books);
527 1. Telecontrol Lock Conditions;
528 1. Accounting Channels.
529 1. Tabular data directories.
530 1. Alarm event recorders.
531
532 A .xlsx file with strictly defined tabs and columns is uploaded from this page with a single button. File correction is possible both through Excel and through other programs that work with the .xlsx table format, for example, LibreOffice. With another button, these files are uploaded to the server. After downloading, you need to apply the changes made by clicking the "Update configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page, as in Fig.3.2.
533
534 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.03.16.png||height="248" width="232"]]
535
536 Fig. 3.2– Update Configuration Button
537
538 In addition to the web interface, power facilities and device types can be edited through the "Devices" table. On the first tab "List of objects" there is a table as in Figure 3.3
539
540 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.04.17.png||height="194" width="384"]]
541
542 Fig. 3.3 – Table "List of objects"
543
544 The Object ID column contains unique numbers of the enterprise's power facilities. Their names are displayed in the "Object name" column. The "Parent Object ID" column determines where the power object will be located in the object tree, and if the cell is empty, then the object will lie at the root of the tree. Thus, the table shown in Figure 3.3 corresponds to the tree shown in Figure 3.4.
545
546 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.05.26.png||height="300" width="238"]]
547
548 Fig. 3.4 – Tree of power facilities
549
550 The "Sorting" field determines where objects belonging to the same "parent" will be located relative to each other.
551
552 Adding new power facilities is carried out taking into account the ID of existing objects in the table. Object IDs must not be repeated.
553
554 The Device Types tab displays the device types available on the server (see Figure 3.5).
555
556 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.06.17.png||height="286" width="268"]]
557
558 Fig. 3.5 – Table "Device Types"
559
560 The ID column of the device type displays the unique number of the device type, and the name column displays its name. To add new types, you must follow the numbering.
561
562 Editing other tabs in the Devices table and the Tags and Channels file is described in the setup guides for specific protocols and device types.
563
564 Setting up Events files is described in the Event System Configuration Guide.
565
566 The "Information Model Classes", "Information Model Elements" and "Information Model References" files are configured according to the "Information Model Setup Guide".
567
568 The rules for filling in the file "Telecontrol lock conditions" can be found in the "Remote Control Lock Settings Guide".
569
570 Working with accounting channels is described in the "Guide to setting up accounting channels".
571
572 The "Logger Settings" file is configured according to the "Alarm Event Recorder Configuration Guide".
573
574 "Tabular data references" are used in the mode calculation module, so their settings are specified in the "Mode Calculation Module Setup and Operation Manual".
575
576 == 4. EVENTS ==
577
578 "Events" in CENTO are designed to increase the observability of the system by tracking changes in the state of process equipment, recording changes in the event log and alerting users.
579
580 Events help personnel to respond in a timely manner to changes in the technological process and system operation.
581
582 * Event settings are located in the "Event Editor" menu item (see Fig. 4.1). Events that are configured on this page are included in the archive log of technological events, as well as in the operational log. For a more detailed description of the Event Editor page and how to configure technology events, see the Event System Setup Guide.
583
584 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.07.47.png||height="376" width="319"]]
585
586 Fig. 4.1 – Event Menu
587
588 * In the CENTO software, it is possible to notify users about the occurrence of events by e-mail in the "Notifications" menu item, the description and configuration of this functionality are described in the "Event System Configuration Guide".
589 * In the "Sound Editor" menu, it is possible to upload files for sound notification of the occurrence of an event, the setting is also indicated in the "Event System Setup Guide".
590
591 == 5. MNEMONICS ==
592
593 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.13.04.png||height="403" width="658"]]
594
595 Fig. 5.1 – Mnemonics
596
597 All mnemonic diagrams are developed in the built-in editor, which is located in the menu item "Mnemonics Diagrams" ("Settings" - "Mimic Diagrams" (see Fig. 5.1)). Available for viewing by the User are located in the tree of active mnemonic diagrams by clicking on the main menu of the CENTO software under the item [[image:1762755230293-190.png||height="21" width="120"]]
598
599 Mimic diagrams display data from the polled devices, their tags and channels, in various forms of display (graphs, tables, reference information, animations of graphic elements, etc.).
600
601 More detailed use of mnemonic diagrams, their creation and configuration are described in the "Guide to the development of mnemonic diagrams".
602
603 == 6. INFORMATION MODEL ==
604
605 An information model is a tool for describing the object of automation (physical objects, equipment, processes, etc.).  The information model allows you to reflect the structure and consolidate information on each created object in the form of attributes (measurements, reference values, regulatory documentation, etc.). The information model is widely used in CENTO: to simplify the configuration of large systems, to implement various functions, to differentiate rights by objects.
606
607 The IM can be configured in the web editor "Information Model Editor" (see Fig. 6.1).
608
609 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.15.02.png||height="397" width="1060"]]
610
611 Fig. 6.1 – Information Model Editor Page
612
613 With the help of this editor, directories, classes, and objects of the Information Model are created.
614
615 For a detailed description of how to set up an information model, see the Information Model Setup Guide.
616
617 == 7. SYSTEM SETTINGS ==
618
619 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.16.25.png]]
620
621 Fig.7.1 – Menu "System"
622
623 The CENTO software administrator has access to settings from the "System" menu item, as shown in Figure 7.1.
624
625 1. **Menu Editor** – allows you to configure the CENTO main menu (see the "Administration Guide. Menu Editing").
626 1. **User rights** - configure access to various sections and interfaces of CENTO (see "Guide to setting up access rights").
627 1. **System information** – contains information about active modules, the number of tags/channels used, as well as the services installed on the server.
628 1. **Mail servers** are used to receive and send information through mail servers (event-based notifications, xml layouts). Fig.7.2 shows an example of configured outgoing and incoming mail servers.
629
630 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.17.36.png]]
631
632 Fig.7.2 – Setting up mail servers
633
634 To create a server, click [[image:1762755556265-323.png||height="24" width="85"]] in the upper right part of the interface. After that, a page for creating a mail server will open, see Fig.7.3.
635
636 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.19.52.png||height="378" width="512"]]
637
638 Fig.7.3 – Creating a mail server
639
640 * "Name" - the name of the mail server is written
641 * "Status" - enable/disable
642 * "Protocol" - if you select SMTP, an outgoing mail server will be created, and for POP3 and IMAP protocols, an incoming mail server will be created
643 * "Sender's address" - the sender's e-mail address
644 * "Server" - the address of the server
645 * "Port" - connection port
646 * "User Name" means the user's name
647 * "Password" - the password of the mail
648 * "Use SSl/TLS" - enable/disable communication encryption
649 * "Use authentication" - depends on the settings of the mail server, enabled if the type of authorization with authentication is configured.
650
651 **5. System Settings** – allows you to configure:
652
653 * depth of storage of tag values/flexible reports/system log/technological log (see Fig. 7.4), after the expiration of the depth period, the data will be deleted from the database:
654
655 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.22.12.png||height="242" width="632"]]
656
657 Fig.7.4 – Setting the storage depth
658
659 * change the language of the system (see Fig.7.5) After changing the language, the language in the CENTO interfaces will be changed (except for the information entered by the user himself when configuring the system, for example: names of devices, tags, symbols on mnemonic circuits, etc.)
660
661 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.23.20.png||height="214" width="972"]]
662
663 Fig.7.5 – Selection of the system language
664
665 * server redundancy and backup of configuration/live data of tags and accounting channels/logs/reports (see "Backup Guide");
666 * To change the row height for all tables in the CENTO interfaces, see Figure 7.6:
667
668 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.24.28.png||height="217" width="974"]]
669
670 Fig.7.6 – Adjusting rows in interface tables
671
672 * Changing the start page of the system.
673
674 To apply the changes, you need to refresh the browser page.
675
676 == 8. TRANSFER KITS ==
677
678 A number of methods are provided for the transfer of information (tags, channels) from CENTO to third-party systems:
679
680 * Transmission via IEC-60870-5-104 protocol (tags);
681 * Transmission via MODBUS TCP (tags);
682 * Transfer to third-party MS SQL or MySQL databases (channels);
683 * Transmission of electricity metering data in the form of XML files (channels);
684 * Transmission via the OPC UA protocol (tags, channels);
685 * Transfer via API (tags, channels, device trees, objects, information model attributes, etc.)
686
687 Data transfer via the OPC UA protocol and API does not require additional settings and is available after the installation of the appropriate modules in the system.
688
689 Data transfer by other methods is carried out through the so-called Transmission Sets. Setting up Sets for transfer is located in the "Set Editor" (see Fig. 8.1) and the procedure for working with this interface is described in more detail in the "Guide to setting up sets for transmission".
690
691 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.26.20.png||height="174" width="990"]]
692
693 Fig.8.1 – Set Editor
694
695 == 9. LIGHTING CONTROL ==
696
697 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.28.49.png||height="174" width="695"]]
698
699 Fig.9.1 – Lighting control
700
701 The "Lighting Control" page (see Fig. 9.1) ("Settings" - "Lighting Control") is used to enable/disable lighting objects from the "Lighting Control Module" schedule. The operation of this module is described in the "Lighting Control Module Setup Guide".
702
703 == 10. TOOLING ==
704
705 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.29.51.png||height="354" width="291"]]
706
707 Fig.10.1 – Tools menu
708
709 The CENTO software administrator has access to settings from the "Tools" menu item, as shown in Figure 10.1:
710
711 **~1. Monitoring** – allows you to view the list of installed services in a tabular form (see Fig.10.2), there are filters in the Name and Status columns [[image:1762756224414-911.png]] , and sorting buttons in others [[image:1762756224415-121.png]] . Also, data on services can be viewed in a graphical representation on the tab [[image:1762756224415-521.png]] (see Fig.10.3). Data can be downloaded by clicking a button [[image:1762756224415-118.png||height="24" width="97"]] to a .xlsx file (see Fig.10.4), for a certain period of time selected in the calendar [[image:1762756224415-292.png||height="24" width="254"]]
712
713 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.31.16.png]]
714
715 Fig.10.2 – List of services in tabular form
716
717 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.32.04.png]]
718
719 Fig.10.3 – Service schedules
720
721 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.32.34.png||height="401" width="348"]]
722
723 Fig.10.4 – Metrics in excel
724
725 In addition to information about the operation of services, in this interface, you can view data on Users who use CENTO Software (see Fig. 10.5).
726
727 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.33.14.png]]
728
729 Fig.10.5 – Users in CENTO software interfaces
730
731 This page displays information about Users who have used the CENTO software interfaces with the ability to search [[image:1762756421096-660.png]] by and sort [[image:1762756421096-718.png]] :
732
733 * **User name** – displays the name of the user logged in;
734 * **Login** – the authorization login is displayed;
735 * **Role** – the roles assigned to the user are displayed;
736 * **IP address** - network address of the user's workplace;
737 * **Connection time** – the connection time is displayed in the format "yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss";
738 * **Disconnection time **- displays the time of disconnection of the user from the system in the format "yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss";
739 * **Actions **– contains a button [[image:1762756421096-315.png]] – "end all user sessions";
740 * **The Log button **opens the System Events log with a filter of user connections and disconnections.
741
742 **2. Server Reservation** – This item displays information about server reservations, the interface is described in the "Backup Guide".
743
744 **3. Applications **—Provides access to additional applications that can be used on the system. This is currently the "CENTO Client" (see Figure 10.6)
745
746 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.34.57.png||height="254" width="627"]]
747
748 Fig.10.6 – Appendices
749
750 The application is installed on the user's workplace. Allows you to work with CENTO without using a browser. After downloading the application for a certain type of operating system, it is necessary to run the file and enter the IP address of the server, after which the User gets to the authorization page, as without using this application.
751
752 == 11. OTHER SETTINGS IN INTERFACES ==
753
754 === 11.1. Analysis of real-time data ===
755
756 On the page "Analysis of operational data" ("Analysis" - "Operational data") there is a tab "Time" (Fig. 11.1), which is designed for time control on devices capable of transmitting their internal time to CENTO. In order for such devices to appear in the interface, time is collected from them into a tag with a name, for example, "Device time" in a string in the format YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.  Next [[image:1762756612986-850.png||height="24" width="25"]] , the system will find all tags with this name and compare the time specified in them with the time of the last polling of the device. The difference will be displayed in the right column and will give the User an understanding of how many seconds the time of the device differs from the server time.
757
758 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.37.36.png||height="352" width="806"]]
759
760 Fig. 11.1 – Analysis of live data, "Time" tab
761
762 === 11.2. Analysis of metering data ===
763
764 On the page "Analysis of Metering data" ("Analysis" - "Metering Data"), in the Devices and Objects trees, it is possible to remove the tree levels (see Fig. 11.2) to display the path of the linked device in the table header (see Fig. 11.3) in the configuration window called by the button [[image:1762756705490-371.png||height="30" width="31"]] that is available to the User with the Administrator role. These settings are applied to all users.
765
766 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.38.55.png||height="81" width="181"]]
767
768 Fig. 11.2 – Setting the Display of Tree Levels
769
770 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.39.58.png||height="279" width="809"]]
771
772 Fig. 11.3 – Display Tree Levels According to Setting
773
774 === 11.3. Logs ===
775
776 In any event log ("Logs" - "Technological Events" - "Video Cameras" - "Oscillograms" - "Power Quality" - "Device Events" - System Events - "All Events") it is possible for the User with the Administrator role to change the width of columns by hovering over their borders and dragging them left/right. This appearance display will apply to all Users.
777
778 [[image:1762756832283-936.png]] - Log display configuration button (down left corner). By default, it is present only in the User interface with Administrator rights. Clicking this button opens a pop-up window (Fig. 11.4), in which the User sets the height of the rows in the log, the method of displaying the paths to the device and the IM object: chooses how many levels to display starting from the device or hide starting from the root of the tree, the same choice with the tree of objects of the information model. Selects the alignment in the columns (centered, left, or right). It also edits the display/hiding of columns and their placement relative to each other by dragging and dropping the icon [[image:1762756832283-360.png]]
779
780 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.41.27.png||height="613" width="429"]]
781
782 Fig. 11.4 – Configure Log Display
783
784 == 12. BASIC CONCEPTS AND ABBREVIATIONS ==
785
786 DB – database;
787
788 Real-Time Database
789
790 Software – software;
791
792
793 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.45.17.png]]