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Version 154.1 by Lana on 2025/11/11 17:25
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Lana 152.1 1 == **CONTENT** ==
Lana 1.1 2
Lana 152.5 3 1. Introduction
Lana 152.2 4
Lana 152.5 5 2. Devices, tags, channels
Lana 152.2 6
Lana 152.6 7 2.1. Creating a device tree
Lana 152.3 8
Lana 152.6 9 2.2. Creating devices
Lana 152.3 10
Lana 152.6 11 2.3. Set up tags and channels
Lana 152.3 12
Lana 152.6 13 2.3.1. Adding a protocol tag
Lana 152.3 14
Lana 152.6 15 2.3.2. Add a calculation tag
Lana 152.3 16
Lana 152.6 17 2.3.3. Setting up calculation formulas
Lana 152.3 18
Lana 152.6 19 2.3.4. Configuring calculation channels
Lana 152.3 20
Lana 152.6 21 3. Configuring CENTO via Excel
Lana 152.4 22
Lana 152.6 23 4. Events
Lana 152.4 24
Lana 152.6 25 5. Mnemonics
Lana 152.4 26
Lana 152.6 27 6. Information model
Lana 152.5 28
Lana 152.6 29 7.  System settings
30
31 8. Transfer kits
32
33 9. Lighting control
34
35 10. Tooling
36
37 ~11. Other settings in interfaces
38
39 11.1. Analysis of real-time data
40
41 11.2. Analysis of metering data
42
43 11.3. Logs
44
Lana 154.1 45 12. Basic concepts and abbreviations
46
Lana 153.1 47 ----
Lana 152.6 48
Lana 10.2 49 == **1. INTRODUCTION** ==
50
51 CENTO is a multifunctional software platform for data collection, processing, and display.
Lana 5.1 52 CENTO can be used to build various automated systems, for example: dispatching, control, accounting, diagnostics, etc.
53 This guide describes the general steps for setting up CENTO software, as well as links to other instructions.
Lana 10.2 54
55 == **2. DEVICES, TAGS, CHANNELS** ==
56
57 Operations for configuring the CENTO software are performed from the drop-down menu "Settings" (see Fig. 2.1) of the control panel at the top of the CENTO graphical interface.
Lana 16.1 58 \\[[image:1762536204394-536.png||height="430" width="212"]]
Lana 7.2 59 Fig. 2.1 – Settings drop-down menu
Lana 9.2 60
Lana 12.1 61 === 2.1. Creating a device tree ===
Lana 10.2 62
Lana 12.1 63 Configuration begins with the creation of a tree of devices (sources of information). The device tree is formed based on the convenience of further work with this tree and can reflect either the structure and names of the places where information sources are installed, or (in the case of small projects) combine information sources and production facilities of the enterprise.  This tree is necessary for the subsequent attribution of all sources of information and the information itself to this structure.
64
65 To configure the structure, go to the "Devices, tags, channels" page (Settings – Devices, tags, channels) (see Fig. 2.2).
66
Lana 84.1 67 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.07.38.png||height="150" width="1018"]]
Lana 15.2 68
Lana 18.2 69 Fig. 2.2 – Devices, Tags, Channels Page
Lana 15.2 70
Lana 18.2 71 By default, CENTO has a "Root Object" preset. Under the root object, you can specify, for example, the name of a company or a separate object. In order to rename a tree element, you need to hover the mouse pointer over it and right-click, and then select "Edit" (see Fig. 2.3). You can also delete an unnecessary object by clicking on the button [[image:1762746580637-301.png]]
Lana 15.2 72
73
Lana 47.2 74 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.06.44.png||height="332" width="501"]]
Lana 45.2 75
Lana 18.2 76 Fig. 2.3 – Editing an object
77
78 **Attention! There must be no tethered devices in the power facility for removal.**
79
80
81 Adding objects in the structure (name of the system or enterprise) is performed by right-clicking (hereinafter referred to as the "RMB") on:
82
Lana 21.2 83 * Selected object in the tree, in which case the new object will be nested;
84 * In the empty space of a given tree, in this case, the new object will be an independent object in this structure.
Lana 18.2 85
Lana 21.2 86 The sequence and nesting of objects in the tree can be adjusted by dragging objects by holding down the left mouse button (see Fig. 2.4), as well as by using [[image:1762746645908-483.png]] and [[image:1762746672090-269.png]]selecting the desired object in the tree (see Fig. 2.5).
Lana 18.2 87
Lana 45.2 88 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.05.39.png||height="213" width="499"]]
Lana 23.2 89
90 Fig. 2.4 – Dragging a New Object Inside the Tree
91
Lana 45.2 92 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.05.00.png||height="407" width="496"]]
Lana 23.2 93
94 Fig. 2.5 – Dragging a New Object Inside the Tree
95
Lana 28.2 96 To select all objects, click on the button [[image:1762746768528-956.png]] ,  and it will change its appearance to [[image:1762746794500-389.png]]. To reset the selection of all objects in the tree, click on this button again [[image:1762746812138-731.png]]. To collapse the tree, click on , and [[image:1762746841632-572.png]] to expand it [[image:1762746869342-141.png]]. To change the width of the tree, you need to hover over the vertical line, and drag right/left while holding down the click and click.
Lana 23.2 97
Lana 29.2 98 The search input field [[image:1762746912120-741.png]] allows you to search for information by the name of the tree object, the name of the device, as well as its ID or Code.
99
100 Adding and configuring power facilities to CENTO is possible both through the above-described WEB-interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
101
Lana 31.2 102 === 2.2. Creating devices ===
Lana 29.2 103
Lana 31.2 104 You can create new devices (information sources) and edit existing ones on the "Devices, tags, channels" page ("Settings" – "Devices, tags, channels") (see Fig. 2.6).
Lana 29.2 105
Lana 44.2 106 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.04.03.png]]
Lana 31.2 107
108 Fig. 2.6 – Devices page
109
110 On this page, you can perform the following operations:
111
Lana 38.2 112 * Creating a device by clicking the button [[image:1762747055524-817.png||height="22" width="94"]] in the upper right corner of the screen;
113 * downloading/uploading selected devices to an Excel file by pressing a button [[image:1762747071069-512.png||height="21" width="88"]] , which allows you to configure devices for scanning without uploading the entire configuration on the page from section 3;
Lana 36.2 114 * go to the device editing window by left-clicking on the device name or its ID;
115 * search for an already configured device by selecting in the object tree and searching for devices in these objects manually or through filters in the headers of the device table, where [[image:1762747071070-762.png||height="25" width="30"]] it searches by ID or by Code, depending on the user's choice;
116 * enabling and disabling device polling by switches in the "Status" column;
117 * viewing the status of the device and polling it according to the configured protocols;
Lana 38.2 118 * copying an untagged device [[image:1762747071070-928.png||height="24" width="24"]] with its tags [[image:1762747071070-641.png||height="25" width="24"]] and deleting devices [[image:1762747071071-408.png||height="23" width="23"]] ;
Lana 36.2 119 * filter by category;
120 * filter by formula;
121 * filter by device.
Lana 31.2 122
Lana 38.2 123 Clicking on the button will open the [[image:1762747182802-715.png||height="26" width="110"]] "Create a device" page, where you need to enter the parameters of the new device (see Fig. 2.7).
Lana 31.2 124
Lana 42.2 125 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.02.13.png]]
Lana 40.2 126
Lana 42.2 127 Fig. 2.7 – Device Creation Page
128
Lana 40.2 129 In order to edit an already configured device, click on its name on the "Devices" page, which will take you to the "Device Editing" page (see Fig. 2.8).
130
131 To speed up the creation of a device group, CENTO has the function of copying devices with all their settings by clicking the button [[image:1762747218001-134.png||height="27" width="27"]] on the "Devices, tags, channels" page (see Fig. 2.6). Next, you need to change the configuration in accordance with the project, also going to the "Edit device" page.
132
Lana 41.2 133 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.01.08.png]]
134
135 Fig. 2.8 – Device Editing Page
136
Lana 48.2 137 The "Create Device" window ("Edit Device") consists of 2 blocks. The first block "General settings" has the same view for all devices. In the second block, you are asked to select and enter settings for the device polling protocol. For each device, it is possible to poll according to 2 or more protocols, for example, for electricity meters (polling real-time parameters, downloading archives of accumulated interval values of electricity) (see Fig. 2.8).
138
139 The "General settings" block contains the following fields:
140
Lana 60.1 141 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.32.16.png||height="57" width="240"]]
Lana 48.2 142
Lana 84.1 143 Device name.
Lana 48.2 144
Lana 66.2 145 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.23.37.png||height="57" width="232"]]
Lana 60.1 146
Lana 84.1 147 Select a template that corresponds to the selected device from the drop-down list or create a new one using the "+" button.
Lana 60.1 148
149 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.26.11.png||height="58" width="235"]]
150
Lana 84.1 151 Identification number of the device in the system (by default, it is set automatically).
Lana 60.1 152
153 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.27.03.png||height="59" width="240"]]
154
Lana 84.1 155 IP address of the device.
Lana 60.1 156
157 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.28.08.png||height="58" width="240"]]
158
Lana 84.1 159 Serial number (for electricity meters).
Lana 60.1 160
161 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.29.00.png||height="57" width="241"]]
162
Lana 84.1 163 The object to which the device belongs.
Lana 60.1 164
165 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.30.58.png||height="74" width="242"]]
166
Lana 84.1 167 Stores a note on the device.
Lana 60.1 168
169 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.31.47.png||height="57" width="243"]]
170
Lana 84.1 171 Binding the device to the object of the information model.
Lana 60.1 172
173 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.33.17.png||height="29" width="129"]]
174
175 Allows you to replace the existing device with a new one, saving the metering data (after clicking, an additional window with instructions pops up, see Fig. 2.9).
176
177 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.34.00.png||height="364" width="720"]]
178
179 Fig. 2.9 – Window "Replacement of the metering device"
180
Lana 66.2 181 After filling in the required fields, you should click on the "Save" button.
182
183 Then, to apply the changes, you need to click the "Update Configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page.
184
185 Adding devices and configuring protocols to CENTO is possible both through the above-described WEB-interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
186
187 The rules and features of setting up devices and protocols are described in separate commissioning manuals.
188
189 After you add a new device, it appears in the device tree on the Devices page. The device name in the tree and in the device table may be preceded by one of the following icons ("statuses"), which are described in Table 2.1.
190
191 Table 2.1 – Device status decoding
192
193 |Status Number|Device Status|Decoding
194 |0|[[image:1762749353292-521.png]]|Disabled (device polling disabled in CENTO)
195 |1|[[image:1762749353293-182.png]]|Normal (the device is connected, tags arrive without errors)
196 |2|[[image:1762749353293-752.png]]|Data in the device with errors (some tags come with errors or are not polled)
197 |3|[[image:1762749353293-611.png]]|Device is not available (device polling is enabled, but the device is not responding)
198 |4|[[image:1762749353293-609.png]]|Tags or channels by device contain data with manual input
199 |9|[[image:1762749353294-893.png]]|Status Not Available (Status Not Yet Received or Not Available)
200
Lana 67.2 201 === 2.3. Set up tags and channels ===
Lana 66.2 202
Lana 67.2 203 In CENTO software, information is divided into 2 types: tags and channels.
Lana 66.2 204
Lana 67.2 205 Tags are data, conditionally, "real-time". That is, data collected from sources of information with the lowest possible delays. The frequency of updating the value of each tag depends on the settings you set, the technical features of the data sources, and their capabilities. For example, in dispatching systems, data is updated once per second, but it can be both more frequent and less frequent (for example, it may depend on how much the value itself has changed).
Lana 66.2 206
207 Channels are data used for metering (electricity, other energy resources, operating time, products, etc.). A feature of metering channels is a clearly defined discreteness of information (for example: 1 minute, 3 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, etc.). The value of the channel is recorded as an increment of a value for a given period, averaging for a given period and a value at the end of the period. In metering systems, information is most often transmitted in this form by the data sources themselves (meters, heat calculators, etc.), but accounting channels can also be formed in CENTO itself based on tag values. The use of information in the form of "channels" in accounting allows you to receive information from data sources even in case of failures in communication channels (data can be obtained from the archive after the connection is restored), it is convenient to work with data, and generate various reports.
208
209 Tags and accounting channels are configured on the same page "Devices, tags, channels" ("Settings" - "Devices, tags, channels") on the "Tags, channels" tab (see Fig. 2.10).
Lana 67.2 210
Lana 72.2 211 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.38.04.png]]
212
213 Fig. 2.10 – Parameter Description Page
214
215 On the "Tags, Channels" tab, when selecting one or more devices, all tags and channels of device data accounting are displayed in a tabular form. In this table, you can perform the following operations for each signal separately:
216
217 * Create a tag or channel by clicking [[image:1762749527914-134.png||height="20" width="117"]] the button in the upper right corner of the screen.
218 * the button [[image:1762749527915-501.png||height="21" width="69"]] allows you to export data on selected tags to an excel table, completely repeating columns and rows from "Tags, channels", while this uploaded file serves only for analysis, not configuration;
219 * The button [[image:1762749527915-879.png||height="21" width="85"]] allows you to upload/download an Excel file with selected tags, in which you can remove/add tags to specific devices without downloading the entire configuration from the page from section 3 of this manual;
220 * Go to the tag or channel editing window by clicking the left mouse button on the tag name or its ID;
221 * viewing the values of tags and channels and going to the graph page of the required parameter by clicking the left mouse button on the value;
222 * enabling and disabling tag (channel) polling by radio buttons in the "Status" column;
223 * viewing the status of the tag (channel) and its polling;
224 * viewing the time of the last update of the tag (channel) survey – the date and time (in the format "yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss") of the last successful receipt of the tag (channel) value (the value of the tag or channel itself may not have changed);
Lana 84.1 225 * copying and deleting tags and channels by clicking buttons [[image:1762749562010-279.png||height="25" width="25"]] and [[image:1762749562011-728.png||height="24" width="24"]] respectively.
Lana 72.2 226
Lana 84.1 227 ==== 2.3.1. Adding a protocol tag ====
228
229 To create a separate tag, click on the "Create Tag" button. This will open the "Tag Polling Creation" page (see Figure 2.11).
230
231 To display the protocol settings, you must first select the device (data source). After that, a set of protocols configured for the device will appear in the "Protocol" drop-down list (see p.2.2).
232
233 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.42.20.png]]
234
235 Fig. 2.11 – Adding a protocol tag
236
237 The "Tag Polling Creation" window consists of 4 blocks. The first block "General settings" contains the settings of the protocol that is configured in the device for which the tag is created. The second block contains the settings of the protocol through which the tag is passed (appears when the protocol is selected). The third block contains functions for processing the value of the tag. In the fourth block, the tag settings are configured, which determine the permissible limits of its change and the system's reaction to violation of these limits.
238
Lana 88.3 239 ----
240
Lana 84.1 241 The "General settings" block contains the following fields:
242
243 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.43.37.png||height="51" width="258"]]
244
245 Parameter name (set by the user).
246
247 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.44.12.png||height="51" width="257"]]
248
249 Selection of the parameter category.
250
251 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.45.47.png||height="51" width="257"]]
252
253 The alphabetic code of the tag, which can be used instead of ID (it is possible to enter numbers, Latin letters and the symbol _ ).
254
255 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.46.25.png||height="51" width="257"]]
256
257 The identity address of the parameter. Default is set automatically, and can be changed.
258
259 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.47.06.png||height="49" width="125"]]
260
261 Units of measurement of the parameter.
262
263 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.47.38.png||height="53" width="255"]]
264
265 The device from which the parameter is read.
266
267 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.49.12.png||height="53" width="258"]]
268
269 Protocol used (the list of protocols is formed from the configured protocols for the selected device).
270
271 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.49.50.png||height="58" width="98"]]
272
273 Affects the appearance of charting on the "Live Data" analysis page, if the tag is analog, then the switch should be like in the picture.
274
275 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.50.20.png||height="70" width="254"]]
276
277 Stores a note on the tag, does not affect the survey.
278
279 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.51.17.png||height="57" width="115"]]
280
281 Appears for tags with a protocol, saves the history of changing values. When the "Save to database" function is disabled, tag data is not transferred to the backup server and is not transmitted via the S2S protocol.
282
283 Depending on the selected device, the protocol specified when creating the device will be automatically selected in the "Protocol" field.
284
285 The rules, description, and specifics of setting up tags in terms of protocols are described in separate setup manuals.
286
Lana 88.3 287 ----
288
Lana 85.2 289 The "Processing" block contains the following fields:
290
Lana 85.3 291 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.34.56.png||height="60" width="289"]]
Lana 85.2 292
Lana 87.2 293 The formula for mathematical processing of the parameter (according to a predetermined formula or the user's formula). Clicking on the "+" opens the window for creating a new formula, which then appears in the list of templates.
Lana 85.2 294
Lana 87.2 295 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.36.47.png||height="18" width="139"]]
296
297 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.37.18.png]]
298
Lana 88.2 299 A field for entering a custom formula, not from the list of templates.
Lana 87.2 300
Lana 88.2 301 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.41.53.png||height="26" width="158"]]
302
303 Button to open help with formulas.
304
305 ----
306
307 The "Setpoints" block contains settings for the following limits:
308
309 * upper physical limit
310 * a lower physical limit
311 * upper emergency limit
312 * lower emergency limit
313 * upper warning limit
314 * Lower warning limit.
315
Lana 90.2 316 ----
Lana 88.3 317
Lana 90.2 318 Each of the above limits has the following settings:
Lana 88.3 319
Lana 90.2 320 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.44.56.png||height="66" width="49"]]
321
322 Enabling/disabling value control.
323
Lana 91.2 324 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.45.38.png||height="66" width="111"]]
Lana 90.2 325
Lana 91.2 326 Limit value in units specified by the tag.
327
Lana 93.2 328 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.46.31.png||height="66" width="111"]]
Lana 91.2 329
Lana 93.2 330 Exposure time in milliseconds before the setpoint is triggered.
Lana 91.2 331
Lana 93.2 332 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.47.13.png||height="66" width="111"]]
333
334 Enabling/disabling the acknowledgment of the event that occurs when the setpoint is triggered.
335
336 To save the tag settings, click the button [[image:1762753677285-432.png]]
337
Lana 93.3 338 Then, to apply the changes, you need to click the "Update Configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page.
339
340 Adding tags to CENTO is possible both through the above-described web interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
341
342 The rules and specifics for setting up tags for different protocols and devices are described in separate configuration guides.
343
Lana 101.2 344 ==== 2.3.2. Add a calculation tag ====
Lana 93.3 345
346 If you select the "No log" item in the "Tag Polling Description" window (see Fig. 2.11) in the "Log" field, a calculated tag will be created, the value of which can be formed based on the transformation of other tags.
347
348 The value of the calculated tag is determined by the formula entered in the "Value Processing Formula" field (see Fig. 2.11) or by the Custom Formula (see Fig. 2.12). Examples of formulas are given under the Value Processing Formula field. The available features are also listed in Table 2.1 of this manual.
349
350 For calculation tags, setpoints can be configured in the same way as tags with protocols.
Lana 94.2 351
352 After filling in the required fields, you should save the changes by clicking the button  [[image:1762753769568-573.png||height="23" width="60"]]. Then, to apply the changes, you need to click the "Update Configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page.
353
354 Adding calculation tags to CENTO, as well as other configuration elements, is possible through the above-described web interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
355
Lana 101.1 356 ==== 2.3.3. Setting up calculation formulas ====
357
358 For calculated tags (see section 2.3.2), different processing formulas are used. If you use the same type of formulas for a number of tags, you should make a description of these formulas so that you can use them to process any required tag.
359
360 You can add new formulas and adjust existing formulas on the Tag Polling Description page (Settings – Devices, Tags, Channels, Tags, Channels tab).
361
362 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.51.34.png||height="251" width="253"]]
363
364 Fig. 2.12 – Editing Formula Templates
365
366 To adjust the existing formula, you should:
367
368 * click on the "Template" field to open the list of available formula templates and use the mouse wheel to find the desired formula (see Fig. 2.12)
369 * hover over it until the "edit" and "delete" symbols appear [[image:1762753922390-602.png||height="21" width="168"]]
370 * if the template needs to be deleted, click on the "Delete" icon
371 * if the template needs to be corrected, click on the "Edit" icon
372 * The Edit Formula window opens (see Figure 2.13), where you can change the name of the formula in the Name field, and you can change the formula itself in the Formula field. There is also a hint with examples in the window
373 * To save the changes, click the button  [[image:1762753922390-303.png||height="21" width="55"]]
374
375 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.53.06.png||height="607" width="397"]]
376
377 Fig. 2.13– Edit Formulas Page
378
379 To add a new formula, on the Tag Polling Description page, click the button [[image:1762754032495-106.png||height="25" width="27"]]
380
381 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.54.20.png||height="600" width="402"]]
382
383 Fig. 2.14– Formula Creation Page
384
385 On the "Formula Creation" page that opens (see Fig. 2.14), you need to enter the name of the new formula and the formula itself in the "Formula" field.
386
387 In the expression of the formula, arithmetic operations, conditions, calls of mathematical and special functions, etc., are allowed.
388
389 The functions used in the formulas are described in Table 2.2.
390
391 Table 2.2 – Functions used in formulas.
392
393 |Function|Description|Use|Result
394 |Bit|Returns the value of a single specified bit|Bit(4,2)|1
395 |Bits|Returns the value of multiple specified bits|Bits(12,2,2)|3
396 |if|Returns a value based on whether or not a specified condition is met.|if(3-2 = 1, 'value is true', 'value is false')|'value is true'
397 |(% rowspan="2" %)Pow|(% rowspan="2" %)Returns a value raised to the specified power.|Pow(3, 2)|9
398 |Pow([dev-101-ea_imp],2)|(((
399 Dev-101-ea_imp=6
400
401 36
402 )))
403 |(% rowspan="2" %)Round|(% rowspan="2" %)Rounding a value to the nearest integer or a certain number of decimal places.|Round(3.222, 2)|3.22
404 |Round([dev-101-ea_imp],1)|(((
405 Dev-101-ea_imp=6.66
406
407 6.6
408 )))
409 |agg|Aggregates all tag values per interval by function. The result publishes to the timestamp of the end of the interval|agg(mean, ti42, 3m) - average of tag 42 over 3 minutes|35
410 |Abs|Returns the modulus //of a number//.|ABS(-1,234)|1,234
411 |sign|Returns the sign of a //number// in the form 1~|0 ~|-1.|sign(-1,234)|-1
412 |Sqrt|Returns the square root of a given number|Sqrt(4)|2
413 |rndfloat|Returns a random real number from the range [0.0,1.0]|rndfloat()|0.123
414 |rndintn|Returns a random integer from the range [0,n]|rndintn(5)|3
415 |split|Splits a //row// by a given //separator// and returns a substring by //index//|split("02-01-2006 15:04",' ',1)|"15:04"
416 |parsetime|Returns the number of seconds since the beginning of the Unix epoch according to //the format// from //the string//|parsetime('yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss', "2017-05-26 15:58:30")|1495814310
417 |Time|Returns the current time in the specified format|time('dd.MM.yyyy HH:mi:ss')|16.04.2020 01:41:07
418 |Unixepochformat|Converts the date from //seconds// since the beginning of the Unix era to a given //format//|Unixepochformat(1495814310, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss')|2017-05-26 15:58:30
419 |acos|Returns the arccosine of the //number//.|acos(0)|90
420 |asin|Returns the arc sine of //the number//.|asin(1)|90
421 |atan|Returns the arctangent of the //number//.|atan(1)|45
422 |atan2|Returns the arctangent for the specified //x// and //y coordinates//.|atan2(1, 0)|90
423 |cos|Calculates the cosine of a //number//.|COS(60)|0.5
424 |pi|Returns the value of Pi.|pi()|3.141592653589793
425 |sin|Calculates the sine of a //number//.|sin(30)|0.5
426 |tan|Calculates the tangent of the //number//.|tan(45)|1
427 |First_1h, First_1d, First_1mon|Returns the value of the tag increment at the beginning of the current hour, day, and month|First_1h(ti10101)|32.26
428 |(% rowspan="4" %)ticker(<spacing>, <expression1>, <expression2(optional)>)|(% rowspan="4" %)(((
429 Executes expression1 when the interval is triggered, or expression2 otherwise. Expression2 may be missing. In this case, the calculation will be made only at the moment of triggering the interval.
430
431 The interval can be set as a number - periodicity in seconds, or as a string in quotation marks - cron rule.
432
433 **If the formula contains prev, then you need to run the ticker using manual input and then reset it**.
434 )))|ticker(3, if(ti2==1, prev5+3, prev5)) - ti2 set counter to 1, which is updated every 3 seconds|60 sec
435 |ticker("0 0 8 * * *", 0, prev5+ti2-prev2) - accumulate tag changes with id 2 with a reset to 0 every day at 8 am|(((
436 at 7:59 – ticker = 100 sec.
437
438 at 8:00 – ticker = 0 sec.
439 )))
440 |(((
441 ticker("0 0 0 * * *", ti2, prev1) - the accumulation of tag changes from id 2 at the beginning of the day.
442
443 In this formula, you can specify //a specific time, as well as the day, month, and days of the week.//
444 )))|(((
445 If at 00:00:00 ti2=120 minutes, then the ticker during this day will be equal to 120 minutes.
446
Lana 94.2 447
Lana 101.1 448 )))
449 |(((
450 ticker("0 0 0 1 * *", ti2, prev1) - accumulation of tag changes from id 2 at the beginning of the month.
451
452
453 )))|(((
454 If on the 1st day of the month at 00:00:00 ti2=200 minutes, then the ticker during this month will be 200 minutes.
455
456
457 )))
458
Lana 101.2 459 Permissible variable designations in formulas are given in Table 2.3.
Lana 101.1 460
Lana 101.2 461 Table 2.3 – Designation of variables in formulas.
Lana 101.1 462
Lana 101.2 463 |Variable|Description
464 |[val]|Current value of the telemeter from BDRV
465 |[x1], [x2], ...|The binding of these variables is determined when describing the calculated parameters in the "Parameters" column.
466 |(((
467 [tiN],
Lana 101.1 468
Lana 101.2 469 where N is the serial number of the TI
470 )))|The meaning of telemetering from the BDRV
471 |(((
472 [devstatusN],
473
474 where N is the device number (ID)
475 )))|Device status (0 – disabled in the configuration; 1 – normal; 2 – at least one TUE has abnormal quality (out of bounds or error in the formula); 3 – device polling error (device is not available); 4 – manual input is present in the tags or channels of the device, 9 – no status).
476 |(((
477 [devprevstatusN] or [prevdevstatusN]
478
479 where N is the device number (ID)
480 )))|Previous device status (0 – disabled in the configuration; 1 – normal; 2 – at least one TUE has abnormal quality (out of bounds or error in the formula); 3 – device polling error (device not available); 4 – manual input is present in the tags or channels of the device, 9 – no status).
481 |(((
482 [prevN],
483
484 where N is the serial number of the TI
485 )))|Previous Value of Telemeter from BDRV
486
Lana 113.2 487 ==== 2.3.4. Configuring calculation channels ====
Lana 101.2 488
Lana 113.2 489 CENTO has the ability to create calculated accounting channels. A calculated channel can be created either based on the values of other channels or on the basis of tag values. In order to create a calculation channel, you need to go to the link "Settings" - "Devices, tags, channels" - "Calculation channels" (see Fig. 2.15).
490
491 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.58.58.png]]
492
493 Fig.2.15 – List of calculation channels
494
495 On the "Billing channels" tab, when you select one or more devices, all billing channels for metering these devices are displayed in a tabular form. In this table, you can perform the following operations for each parameter separately:
496
497 * Create a channel by pressing a button [[image:1762754384286-528.png||height="24" width="121"]] and [[image:1762754384287-151.png||height="26" width="114"]] in the upper right corner of the screen.
498 * Go to the channel editing window by left-clicking on the tag name or tag ID.
499 * View channel values and go to the graph page of the required parameter by clicking the left mouse button on the value.
500 * enabling and disabling channel polling by switches in the "Status" column.
501 * viewing the status of the settlement channel.
502 * viewing the time of the last update of the tag (channel) poll – the date and time (in the format "yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss") of the last successful receipt of the tag (channel) value (the tag or channel value itself may not have changed).
503 * copying and deleting channels by pressing buttons [[image:1762754384287-453.png||height="21" width="21"]] and [[image:1762754384287-190.png||height="22" width="22"]] respectively
504 * preliminary check of the formula [[image:1762754384287-268.png||height="27" width="26"]]
505 * filter by category
506 * filter by formula
507 * filter by device.
508
509 More detailed use of calculation channels is described in the "Guide to setting up accounting channels".
510
511 == 3. CONFIGURING CENTO VIA EXCEL ==
512
513 The CENTO software provides the ability to configure the system via Excel files. The interface of this functionality is located on the Downloading/Uploading Configuration Files page (Menu item "Settings" – "Configuration Files"). (see Fig. 3.1).
514
515 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.02.21.png]]
516
517 Fig. 3.1– Download/Upload Configuration Files Page
518
519 With the help of Excel files, you can configure:
520
521 1. Devices (also device tree and device types);
522 1. Tags and channels;
523 1. Events;
524 1. Information model (classes, elements, reference books);
525 1. Telecontrol Lock Conditions;
526 1. Accounting Channels.
527 1. Tabular data directories.
528 1. Alarm event recorders.
529
530 A .xlsx file with strictly defined tabs and columns is uploaded from this page with a single button. File correction is possible both through Excel and through other programs that work with the .xlsx table format, for example, LibreOffice. With another button, these files are uploaded to the server. After downloading, you need to apply the changes made by clicking the "Update configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page, as in Fig.3.2.
531
532 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.03.16.png||height="248" width="232"]]
533
534 Fig. 3.2– Update Configuration Button
535
536 In addition to the web interface, power facilities and device types can be edited through the "Devices" table. On the first tab "List of objects" there is a table as in Figure 3.3
537
538 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.04.17.png||height="194" width="384"]]
539
540 Fig. 3.3 – Table "List of objects"
541
542 The Object ID column contains unique numbers of the enterprise's power facilities. Their names are displayed in the "Object name" column. The "Parent Object ID" column determines where the power object will be located in the object tree, and if the cell is empty, then the object will lie at the root of the tree. Thus, the table shown in Figure 3.3 corresponds to the tree shown in Figure 3.4.
543
544 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.05.26.png||height="300" width="238"]]
545
546 Fig. 3.4 – Tree of power facilities
547
548 The "Sorting" field determines where objects belonging to the same "parent" will be located relative to each other.
549
550 Adding new power facilities is carried out taking into account the ID of existing objects in the table. Object IDs must not be repeated.
551
552 The Device Types tab displays the device types available on the server (see Figure 3.5).
553
554 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.06.17.png||height="286" width="268"]]
555
556 Fig. 3.5 – Table "Device Types"
557
558 The ID column of the device type displays the unique number of the device type, and the name column displays its name. To add new types, you must follow the numbering.
559
560 Editing other tabs in the Devices table and the Tags and Channels file is described in the setup guides for specific protocols and device types.
561
562 Setting up Events files is described in the Event System Configuration Guide.
563
564 The "Information Model Classes", "Information Model Elements" and "Information Model References" files are configured according to the "Information Model Setup Guide".
565
566 The rules for filling in the file "Telecontrol lock conditions" can be found in the "Remote Control Lock Settings Guide".
567
568 Working with accounting channels is described in the "Guide to setting up accounting channels".
569
570 The "Logger Settings" file is configured according to the "Alarm Event Recorder Configuration Guide".
571
572 "Tabular data references" are used in the mode calculation module, so their settings are specified in the "Mode Calculation Module Setup and Operation Manual".
573
574 == 4. EVENTS ==
575
576 "Events" in CENTO are designed to increase the observability of the system by tracking changes in the state of process equipment, recording changes in the event log and alerting users.
577
578 Events help personnel to respond in a timely manner to changes in the technological process and system operation.
579
580 * Event settings are located in the "Event Editor" menu item (see Fig. 4.1). Events that are configured on this page are included in the archive log of technological events, as well as in the operational log. For a more detailed description of the Event Editor page and how to configure technology events, see the Event System Setup Guide.
581
Lana 114.2 582 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.07.47.png||height="376" width="319"]]
583
584 Fig. 4.1 – Event Menu
585
586 * In the CENTO software, it is possible to notify users about the occurrence of events by e-mail in the "Notifications" menu item, the description and configuration of this functionality are described in the "Event System Configuration Guide".
587 * In the "Sound Editor" menu, it is possible to upload files for sound notification of the occurrence of an event, the setting is also indicated in the "Event System Setup Guide".
588
589 == 5. MNEMONICS ==
590
Lana 119.2 591 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.13.04.png||height="403" width="658"]]
Lana 115.2 592
593 Fig. 5.1 – Mnemonics
594
595 All mnemonic diagrams are developed in the built-in editor, which is located in the menu item "Mnemonics Diagrams" ("Settings" - "Mimic Diagrams" (see Fig. 5.1)). Available for viewing by the User are located in the tree of active mnemonic diagrams by clicking on the main menu of the CENTO software under the item [[image:1762755230293-190.png||height="21" width="120"]]
596
597 Mimic diagrams display data from the polled devices, their tags and channels, in various forms of display (graphs, tables, reference information, animations of graphic elements, etc.).
598
599 More detailed use of mnemonic diagrams, their creation and configuration are described in the "Guide to the development of mnemonic diagrams".
600
Lana 116.2 601 == 6. INFORMATION MODEL ==
Lana 115.2 602
603 An information model is a tool for describing the object of automation (physical objects, equipment, processes, etc.).  The information model allows you to reflect the structure and consolidate information on each created object in the form of attributes (measurements, reference values, regulatory documentation, etc.). The information model is widely used in CENTO: to simplify the configuration of large systems, to implement various functions, to differentiate rights by objects.
604
605 The IM can be configured in the web editor "Information Model Editor" (see Fig. 6.1).
Lana 116.2 606
Lana 119.2 607 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.15.02.png||height="397" width="1060"]]
Lana 116.2 608
609 Fig. 6.1 – Information Model Editor Page
610
Lana 117.2 611 With the help of this editor, directories, classes, and objects of the Information Model are created.
Lana 116.2 612
613 For a detailed description of how to set up an information model, see the Information Model Setup Guide.
614
Lana 117.2 615 == 7. SYSTEM SETTINGS ==
616
617 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.16.25.png]]
618
619 Fig.7.1 – Menu "System"
620
Lana 118.2 621 The CENTO software administrator has access to settings from the "System" menu item, as shown in Figure 7.1.
Lana 117.2 622
Lana 118.2 623 1. **Menu Editor** – allows you to configure the CENTO main menu (see the "Administration Guide. Menu Editing").
624 1. **User rights** - configure access to various sections and interfaces of CENTO (see "Guide to setting up access rights").
625 1. **System information** – contains information about active modules, the number of tags/channels used, as well as the services installed on the server.
626 1. **Mail servers** are used to receive and send information through mail servers (event-based notifications, xml layouts). Fig.7.2 shows an example of configured outgoing and incoming mail servers.
Lana 117.2 627
Lana 118.2 628 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.17.36.png]]
629
Lana 119.2 630 Fig.7.2 – Setting up mail servers
Lana 118.2 631
Lana 120.2 632 To create a server, click [[image:1762755556265-323.png||height="24" width="85"]] in the upper right part of the interface. After that, a page for creating a mail server will open, see Fig.7.3.
Lana 119.2 633
Lana 120.2 634 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.19.52.png||height="378" width="512"]]
Lana 119.2 635
Lana 120.2 636 Fig.7.3 – Creating a mail server
Lana 119.2 637
Lana 120.3 638 * "Name" - the name of the mail server is written
639 * "Status" - enable/disable
640 * "Protocol" - if you select SMTP, an outgoing mail server will be created, and for POP3 and IMAP protocols, an incoming mail server will be created
641 * "Sender's address" - the sender's e-mail address
642 * "Server" - the address of the server
643 * "Port" - connection port
644 * "User Name" means the user's name
645 * "Password" - the password of the mail
646 * "Use SSl/TLS" - enable/disable communication encryption
Lana 120.2 647 * "Use authentication" - depends on the settings of the mail server, enabled if the type of authorization with authentication is configured.
648
Lana 121.2 649 **5. System Settings** – allows you to configure:
Lana 120.2 650
Lana 120.3 651 * depth of storage of tag values/flexible reports/system log/technological log (see Fig. 7.4), after the expiration of the depth period, the data will be deleted from the database:
Lana 120.2 652
Lana 122.2 653 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.22.12.png||height="242" width="632"]]
Lana 120.2 654
Lana 121.2 655 Fig.7.4 – Setting the storage depth
Lana 120.3 656
Lana 122.2 657 * change the language of the system (see Fig.7.5) After changing the language, the language in the CENTO interfaces will be changed (except for the information entered by the user himself when configuring the system, for example: names of devices, tags, symbols on mnemonic circuits, etc.)
658
Lana 126.2 659 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.23.20.png||height="214" width="972"]]
Lana 122.2 660
661 Fig.7.5 – Selection of the system language
662
Lana 123.2 663 * server redundancy and backup of configuration/live data of tags and accounting channels/logs/reports (see "Backup Guide");
664 * To change the row height for all tables in the CENTO interfaces, see Figure 7.6:
665
Lana 126.2 666 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.24.28.png||height="217" width="974"]]
Lana 123.2 667
668 Fig.7.6 – Adjusting rows in interface tables
669
670 * Changing the start page of the system.
671
672 To apply the changes, you need to refresh the browser page.
673
Lana 124.2 674 == 8. TRANSFER KITS ==
675
676 A number of methods are provided for the transfer of information (tags, channels) from CENTO to third-party systems:
677
678 * Transmission via IEC-60870-5-104 protocol (tags);
679 * Transmission via MODBUS TCP (tags);
680 * Transfer to third-party MS SQL or MySQL databases (channels);
681 * Transmission of electricity metering data in the form of XML files (channels);
682 * Transmission via the OPC UA protocol (tags, channels);
683 * Transfer via API (tags, channels, device trees, objects, information model attributes, etc.)
684
685 Data transfer via the OPC UA protocol and API does not require additional settings and is available after the installation of the appropriate modules in the system.
686
Lana 152.7 687 Data transfer by other methods is carried out through the so-called Transmission Sets. Setting up Sets for transfer is located in the "Set Editor" (see Fig. 8.1) and the procedure for working with this interface is described in more detail in the "Guide to setting up sets for transmission".
Lana 124.2 688
Lana 126.2 689 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.26.20.png||height="174" width="990"]]
Lana 124.2 690
Lana 152.7 691 Fig.8.1 – Set Editor
Lana 125.1 692
693 == 9. LIGHTING CONTROL ==
694
Lana 127.2 695 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.28.49.png||height="174" width="695"]]
696
Lana 152.7 697 Fig.9.1 – Lighting control
Lana 127.2 698
Lana 152.7 699 The "Lighting Control" page (see Fig. 9.1) ("Settings" - "Lighting Control") is used to enable/disable lighting objects from the "Lighting Control Module" schedule. The operation of this module is described in the "Lighting Control Module Setup Guide".
Lana 127.2 700
701 == 10. TOOLING ==
702
703 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.29.51.png||height="354" width="291"]]
Lana 133.2 704
Lana 152.7 705 Fig.10.1 – Tools menu
Lana 133.2 706
Lana 152.7 707 The CENTO software administrator has access to settings from the "Tools" menu item, as shown in Figure 10.1:
Lana 133.2 708
Lana 152.7 709 **~1. Monitoring** – allows you to view the list of installed services in a tabular form (see Fig.10.2), there are filters in the Name and Status columns [[image:1762756224414-911.png]] , and sorting buttons in others [[image:1762756224415-121.png]] . Also, data on services can be viewed in a graphical representation on the tab [[image:1762756224415-521.png]] (see Fig.10.3). Data can be downloaded by clicking a button [[image:1762756224415-118.png||height="24" width="97"]] to a .xlsx file (see Fig.10.4), for a certain period of time selected in the calendar [[image:1762756224415-292.png||height="24" width="254"]]
Lana 133.2 710
Lana 149.2 711 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.31.16.png]]
712
Lana 152.7 713 Fig.10.2 – List of services in tabular form
Lana 149.2 714
715 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.32.04.png]]
716
Lana 152.7 717 Fig.10.3 – Service schedules
Lana 149.2 718
719 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.32.34.png||height="401" width="348"]]
720
Lana 152.7 721 Fig.10.4 – Metrics in excel
Lana 149.2 722
Lana 152.7 723 In addition to information about the operation of services, in this interface, you can view data on Users who use CENTO Software (see Fig. 10.5).
Lana 149.2 724
725 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.33.14.png]]
726
Lana 152.7 727 Fig.10.5 – Users in CENTO software interfaces
Lana 149.2 728
729 This page displays information about Users who have used the CENTO software interfaces with the ability to search [[image:1762756421096-660.png]] by and sort [[image:1762756421096-718.png]] :
730
731 * **User name** – displays the name of the user logged in;
732 * **Login** – the authorization login is displayed;
733 * **Role** – the roles assigned to the user are displayed;
734 * **IP address** - network address of the user's workplace;
735 * **Connection time** – the connection time is displayed in the format "yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss";
736 * **Disconnection time **- displays the time of disconnection of the user from the system in the format "yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss";
737 * **Actions **– contains a button [[image:1762756421096-315.png]] – "end all user sessions";
738 * **The Log button **opens the System Events log with a filter of user connections and disconnections.
739
740 **2. Server Reservation** – This item displays information about server reservations, the interface is described in the "Backup Guide".
741
Lana 152.7 742 **3. Applications **—Provides access to additional applications that can be used on the system. This is currently the "CENTO Client" (see Figure 10.6)
Lana 149.2 743
744 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.34.57.png||height="254" width="627"]]
745
Lana 152.8 746 Fig.10.6 – Appendices
Lana 149.2 747
748 The application is installed on the user's workplace. Allows you to work with CENTO without using a browser. After downloading the application for a certain type of operating system, it is necessary to run the file and enter the IP address of the server, after which the User gets to the authorization page, as without using this application.
749
750 == 11. OTHER SETTINGS IN INTERFACES ==
751
752 === 11.1. Analysis of real-time data ===
753
Lana 152.8 754 On the page "Analysis of operational data" ("Analysis" - "Operational data") there is a tab "Time" (Fig. 11.1), which is designed for time control on devices capable of transmitting their internal time to CENTO. In order for such devices to appear in the interface, time is collected from them into a tag with a name, for example, "Device time" in a string in the format YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.  Next [[image:1762756612986-850.png||height="24" width="25"]] , the system will find all tags with this name and compare the time specified in them with the time of the last polling of the device. The difference will be displayed in the right column and will give the User an understanding of how many seconds the time of the device differs from the server time.
Lana 149.2 755
756 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.37.36.png||height="352" width="806"]]
757
Lana 152.8 758 Fig. 11.1 – Analysis of live data, "Time" tab
Lana 149.2 759
760 === 11.2. Analysis of metering data ===
761
Lana 152.8 762 On the page "Analysis of Metering data" ("Analysis" - "Metering Data"), in the Devices and Objects trees, it is possible to remove the tree levels (see Fig. 11.2) to display the path of the linked device in the table header (see Fig. 11.3) in the configuration window called by the button [[image:1762756705490-371.png||height="30" width="31"]] that is available to the User with the Administrator role. These settings are applied to all users.
Lana 149.2 763
764 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.38.55.png||height="81" width="181"]]
765
Lana 152.8 766 Fig. 11.2 – Setting the Display of Tree Levels
Lana 149.2 767
768 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.39.58.png||height="279" width="809"]]
769
Lana 152.8 770 Fig. 11.3 – Display Tree Levels According to Setting
Lana 149.2 771
772 === 11.3. Logs ===
773
774 In any event log ("Logs" - "Technological Events" - "Video Cameras" - "Oscillograms" - "Power Quality" - "Device Events" - System Events - "All Events") it is possible for the User with the Administrator role to change the width of columns by hovering over their borders and dragging them left/right. This appearance display will apply to all Users.
775
Lana 152.8 776 [[image:1762756832283-936.png]] - Log display configuration button (down left corner). By default, it is present only in the User interface with Administrator rights. Clicking this button opens a pop-up window (Fig. 11.4), in which the User sets the height of the rows in the log, the method of displaying the paths to the device and the IM object: chooses how many levels to display starting from the device or hide starting from the root of the tree, the same choice with the tree of objects of the information model. Selects the alignment in the columns (centered, left, or right). It also edits the display/hiding of columns and their placement relative to each other by dragging and dropping the icon [[image:1762756832283-360.png]]
Lana 149.2 777
778 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.41.27.png||height="613" width="429"]]
779
Lana 152.8 780 Fig. 11.4 – Configure Log Display
Lana 149.2 781
Lana 154.1 782 == 12. BASIC CONCEPTS AND ABBREVIATIONS ==
Lana 149.2 783
784 DB – database;
785
786 Real-Time Database
787
788 Software – software;
789
790
Lana 151.1 791 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.45.17.png]]