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Version 152.8 by Lana on 2025/11/11 16:54
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Lana 152.1 1 == **CONTENT** ==
Lana 1.1 2
Lana 152.5 3 1. Introduction
Lana 152.2 4
Lana 152.5 5 2. Devices, tags, channels
Lana 152.2 6
Lana 152.6 7 2.1. Creating a device tree
Lana 152.3 8
Lana 152.6 9 2.2. Creating devices
Lana 152.3 10
Lana 152.6 11 2.3. Set up tags and channels
Lana 152.3 12
Lana 152.6 13 2.3.1. Adding a protocol tag
Lana 152.3 14
Lana 152.6 15 2.3.2. Add a calculation tag
Lana 152.3 16
Lana 152.6 17 2.3.3. Setting up calculation formulas
Lana 152.3 18
Lana 152.6 19 2.3.4. Configuring calculation channels
Lana 152.3 20
Lana 152.6 21 3. Configuring CENTO via Excel
Lana 152.4 22
Lana 152.6 23 4. Events
Lana 152.4 24
Lana 152.6 25 5. Mnemonics
Lana 152.4 26
Lana 152.6 27 6. Information model
Lana 152.5 28
Lana 152.6 29 7.  System settings
30
31 8. Transfer kits
32
33 9. Lighting control
34
35 10. Tooling
36
37 ~11. Other settings in interfaces
38
39 11.1. Analysis of real-time data
40
41 11.2. Analysis of metering data
42
43 11.3. Logs
44
45
Lana 10.2 46 == **1. INTRODUCTION** ==
47
48 CENTO is a multifunctional software platform for data collection, processing, and display.
Lana 5.1 49 CENTO can be used to build various automated systems, for example: dispatching, control, accounting, diagnostics, etc.
50 This guide describes the general steps for setting up CENTO software, as well as links to other instructions.
Lana 10.2 51
52 == **2. DEVICES, TAGS, CHANNELS** ==
53
54 Operations for configuring the CENTO software are performed from the drop-down menu "Settings" (see Fig. 2.1) of the control panel at the top of the CENTO graphical interface.
Lana 16.1 55 \\[[image:1762536204394-536.png||height="430" width="212"]]
Lana 7.2 56 Fig. 2.1 – Settings drop-down menu
Lana 9.2 57
Lana 12.1 58 === 2.1. Creating a device tree ===
Lana 10.2 59
Lana 12.1 60 Configuration begins with the creation of a tree of devices (sources of information). The device tree is formed based on the convenience of further work with this tree and can reflect either the structure and names of the places where information sources are installed, or (in the case of small projects) combine information sources and production facilities of the enterprise.  This tree is necessary for the subsequent attribution of all sources of information and the information itself to this structure.
61
62 To configure the structure, go to the "Devices, tags, channels" page (Settings – Devices, tags, channels) (see Fig. 2.2).
63
Lana 84.1 64 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.07.38.png||height="150" width="1018"]]
Lana 15.2 65
Lana 18.2 66 Fig. 2.2 – Devices, Tags, Channels Page
Lana 15.2 67
Lana 18.2 68 By default, CENTO has a "Root Object" preset. Under the root object, you can specify, for example, the name of a company or a separate object. In order to rename a tree element, you need to hover the mouse pointer over it and right-click, and then select "Edit" (see Fig. 2.3). You can also delete an unnecessary object by clicking on the button [[image:1762746580637-301.png]]
Lana 15.2 69
70
Lana 47.2 71 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.06.44.png||height="332" width="501"]]
Lana 45.2 72
Lana 18.2 73 Fig. 2.3 – Editing an object
74
75 **Attention! There must be no tethered devices in the power facility for removal.**
76
77
78 Adding objects in the structure (name of the system or enterprise) is performed by right-clicking (hereinafter referred to as the "RMB") on:
79
Lana 21.2 80 * Selected object in the tree, in which case the new object will be nested;
81 * In the empty space of a given tree, in this case, the new object will be an independent object in this structure.
Lana 18.2 82
Lana 21.2 83 The sequence and nesting of objects in the tree can be adjusted by dragging objects by holding down the left mouse button (see Fig. 2.4), as well as by using [[image:1762746645908-483.png]] and [[image:1762746672090-269.png]]selecting the desired object in the tree (see Fig. 2.5).
Lana 18.2 84
Lana 45.2 85 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.05.39.png||height="213" width="499"]]
Lana 23.2 86
87 Fig. 2.4 – Dragging a New Object Inside the Tree
88
Lana 45.2 89 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.05.00.png||height="407" width="496"]]
Lana 23.2 90
91 Fig. 2.5 – Dragging a New Object Inside the Tree
92
Lana 28.2 93 To select all objects, click on the button [[image:1762746768528-956.png]] ,  and it will change its appearance to [[image:1762746794500-389.png]]. To reset the selection of all objects in the tree, click on this button again [[image:1762746812138-731.png]]. To collapse the tree, click on , and [[image:1762746841632-572.png]] to expand it [[image:1762746869342-141.png]]. To change the width of the tree, you need to hover over the vertical line, and drag right/left while holding down the click and click.
Lana 23.2 94
Lana 29.2 95 The search input field [[image:1762746912120-741.png]] allows you to search for information by the name of the tree object, the name of the device, as well as its ID or Code.
96
97 Adding and configuring power facilities to CENTO is possible both through the above-described WEB-interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
98
Lana 31.2 99 === 2.2. Creating devices ===
Lana 29.2 100
Lana 31.2 101 You can create new devices (information sources) and edit existing ones on the "Devices, tags, channels" page ("Settings" – "Devices, tags, channels") (see Fig. 2.6).
Lana 29.2 102
Lana 44.2 103 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.04.03.png]]
Lana 31.2 104
105 Fig. 2.6 – Devices page
106
107 On this page, you can perform the following operations:
108
Lana 38.2 109 * Creating a device by clicking the button [[image:1762747055524-817.png||height="22" width="94"]] in the upper right corner of the screen;
110 * downloading/uploading selected devices to an Excel file by pressing a button [[image:1762747071069-512.png||height="21" width="88"]] , which allows you to configure devices for scanning without uploading the entire configuration on the page from section 3;
Lana 36.2 111 * go to the device editing window by left-clicking on the device name or its ID;
112 * search for an already configured device by selecting in the object tree and searching for devices in these objects manually or through filters in the headers of the device table, where [[image:1762747071070-762.png||height="25" width="30"]] it searches by ID or by Code, depending on the user's choice;
113 * enabling and disabling device polling by switches in the "Status" column;
114 * viewing the status of the device and polling it according to the configured protocols;
Lana 38.2 115 * copying an untagged device [[image:1762747071070-928.png||height="24" width="24"]] with its tags [[image:1762747071070-641.png||height="25" width="24"]] and deleting devices [[image:1762747071071-408.png||height="23" width="23"]] ;
Lana 36.2 116 * filter by category;
117 * filter by formula;
118 * filter by device.
Lana 31.2 119
Lana 38.2 120 Clicking on the button will open the [[image:1762747182802-715.png||height="26" width="110"]] "Create a device" page, where you need to enter the parameters of the new device (see Fig. 2.7).
Lana 31.2 121
Lana 42.2 122 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.02.13.png]]
Lana 40.2 123
Lana 42.2 124 Fig. 2.7 – Device Creation Page
125
Lana 40.2 126 In order to edit an already configured device, click on its name on the "Devices" page, which will take you to the "Device Editing" page (see Fig. 2.8).
127
128 To speed up the creation of a device group, CENTO has the function of copying devices with all their settings by clicking the button [[image:1762747218001-134.png||height="27" width="27"]] on the "Devices, tags, channels" page (see Fig. 2.6). Next, you need to change the configuration in accordance with the project, also going to the "Edit device" page.
129
Lana 41.2 130 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.01.08.png]]
131
132 Fig. 2.8 – Device Editing Page
133
Lana 48.2 134 The "Create Device" window ("Edit Device") consists of 2 blocks. The first block "General settings" has the same view for all devices. In the second block, you are asked to select and enter settings for the device polling protocol. For each device, it is possible to poll according to 2 or more protocols, for example, for electricity meters (polling real-time parameters, downloading archives of accumulated interval values of electricity) (see Fig. 2.8).
135
136 The "General settings" block contains the following fields:
137
Lana 60.1 138 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.32.16.png||height="57" width="240"]]
Lana 48.2 139
Lana 84.1 140 Device name.
Lana 48.2 141
Lana 66.2 142 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.23.37.png||height="57" width="232"]]
Lana 60.1 143
Lana 84.1 144 Select a template that corresponds to the selected device from the drop-down list or create a new one using the "+" button.
Lana 60.1 145
146 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.26.11.png||height="58" width="235"]]
147
Lana 84.1 148 Identification number of the device in the system (by default, it is set automatically).
Lana 60.1 149
150 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.27.03.png||height="59" width="240"]]
151
Lana 84.1 152 IP address of the device.
Lana 60.1 153
154 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.28.08.png||height="58" width="240"]]
155
Lana 84.1 156 Serial number (for electricity meters).
Lana 60.1 157
158 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.29.00.png||height="57" width="241"]]
159
Lana 84.1 160 The object to which the device belongs.
Lana 60.1 161
162 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.30.58.png||height="74" width="242"]]
163
Lana 84.1 164 Stores a note on the device.
Lana 60.1 165
166 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.31.47.png||height="57" width="243"]]
167
Lana 84.1 168 Binding the device to the object of the information model.
Lana 60.1 169
170 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.33.17.png||height="29" width="129"]]
171
172 Allows you to replace the existing device with a new one, saving the metering data (after clicking, an additional window with instructions pops up, see Fig. 2.9).
173
174 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.34.00.png||height="364" width="720"]]
175
176 Fig. 2.9 – Window "Replacement of the metering device"
177
Lana 66.2 178 After filling in the required fields, you should click on the "Save" button.
179
180 Then, to apply the changes, you need to click the "Update Configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page.
181
182 Adding devices and configuring protocols to CENTO is possible both through the above-described WEB-interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
183
184 The rules and features of setting up devices and protocols are described in separate commissioning manuals.
185
186 After you add a new device, it appears in the device tree on the Devices page. The device name in the tree and in the device table may be preceded by one of the following icons ("statuses"), which are described in Table 2.1.
187
188 Table 2.1 – Device status decoding
189
190 |Status Number|Device Status|Decoding
191 |0|[[image:1762749353292-521.png]]|Disabled (device polling disabled in CENTO)
192 |1|[[image:1762749353293-182.png]]|Normal (the device is connected, tags arrive without errors)
193 |2|[[image:1762749353293-752.png]]|Data in the device with errors (some tags come with errors or are not polled)
194 |3|[[image:1762749353293-611.png]]|Device is not available (device polling is enabled, but the device is not responding)
195 |4|[[image:1762749353293-609.png]]|Tags or channels by device contain data with manual input
196 |9|[[image:1762749353294-893.png]]|Status Not Available (Status Not Yet Received or Not Available)
197
Lana 67.2 198 === 2.3. Set up tags and channels ===
Lana 66.2 199
Lana 67.2 200 In CENTO software, information is divided into 2 types: tags and channels.
Lana 66.2 201
Lana 67.2 202 Tags are data, conditionally, "real-time". That is, data collected from sources of information with the lowest possible delays. The frequency of updating the value of each tag depends on the settings you set, the technical features of the data sources, and their capabilities. For example, in dispatching systems, data is updated once per second, but it can be both more frequent and less frequent (for example, it may depend on how much the value itself has changed).
Lana 66.2 203
204 Channels are data used for metering (electricity, other energy resources, operating time, products, etc.). A feature of metering channels is a clearly defined discreteness of information (for example: 1 minute, 3 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, etc.). The value of the channel is recorded as an increment of a value for a given period, averaging for a given period and a value at the end of the period. In metering systems, information is most often transmitted in this form by the data sources themselves (meters, heat calculators, etc.), but accounting channels can also be formed in CENTO itself based on tag values. The use of information in the form of "channels" in accounting allows you to receive information from data sources even in case of failures in communication channels (data can be obtained from the archive after the connection is restored), it is convenient to work with data, and generate various reports.
205
206 Tags and accounting channels are configured on the same page "Devices, tags, channels" ("Settings" - "Devices, tags, channels") on the "Tags, channels" tab (see Fig. 2.10).
Lana 67.2 207
Lana 72.2 208 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.38.04.png]]
209
210 Fig. 2.10 – Parameter Description Page
211
212 On the "Tags, Channels" tab, when selecting one or more devices, all tags and channels of device data accounting are displayed in a tabular form. In this table, you can perform the following operations for each signal separately:
213
214 * Create a tag or channel by clicking [[image:1762749527914-134.png||height="20" width="117"]] the button in the upper right corner of the screen.
215 * the button [[image:1762749527915-501.png||height="21" width="69"]] allows you to export data on selected tags to an excel table, completely repeating columns and rows from "Tags, channels", while this uploaded file serves only for analysis, not configuration;
216 * The button [[image:1762749527915-879.png||height="21" width="85"]] allows you to upload/download an Excel file with selected tags, in which you can remove/add tags to specific devices without downloading the entire configuration from the page from section 3 of this manual;
217 * Go to the tag or channel editing window by clicking the left mouse button on the tag name or its ID;
218 * viewing the values of tags and channels and going to the graph page of the required parameter by clicking the left mouse button on the value;
219 * enabling and disabling tag (channel) polling by radio buttons in the "Status" column;
220 * viewing the status of the tag (channel) and its polling;
221 * viewing the time of the last update of the tag (channel) survey – the date and time (in the format "yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss") of the last successful receipt of the tag (channel) value (the value of the tag or channel itself may not have changed);
Lana 84.1 222 * copying and deleting tags and channels by clicking buttons [[image:1762749562010-279.png||height="25" width="25"]] and [[image:1762749562011-728.png||height="24" width="24"]] respectively.
Lana 72.2 223
Lana 84.1 224 ==== 2.3.1. Adding a protocol tag ====
225
226 To create a separate tag, click on the "Create Tag" button. This will open the "Tag Polling Creation" page (see Figure 2.11).
227
228 To display the protocol settings, you must first select the device (data source). After that, a set of protocols configured for the device will appear in the "Protocol" drop-down list (see p.2.2).
229
230 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.42.20.png]]
231
232 Fig. 2.11 – Adding a protocol tag
233
234 The "Tag Polling Creation" window consists of 4 blocks. The first block "General settings" contains the settings of the protocol that is configured in the device for which the tag is created. The second block contains the settings of the protocol through which the tag is passed (appears when the protocol is selected). The third block contains functions for processing the value of the tag. In the fourth block, the tag settings are configured, which determine the permissible limits of its change and the system's reaction to violation of these limits.
235
Lana 88.3 236 ----
237
Lana 84.1 238 The "General settings" block contains the following fields:
239
240 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.43.37.png||height="51" width="258"]]
241
242 Parameter name (set by the user).
243
244 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.44.12.png||height="51" width="257"]]
245
246 Selection of the parameter category.
247
248 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.45.47.png||height="51" width="257"]]
249
250 The alphabetic code of the tag, which can be used instead of ID (it is possible to enter numbers, Latin letters and the symbol _ ).
251
252 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.46.25.png||height="51" width="257"]]
253
254 The identity address of the parameter. Default is set automatically, and can be changed.
255
256 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.47.06.png||height="49" width="125"]]
257
258 Units of measurement of the parameter.
259
260 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.47.38.png||height="53" width="255"]]
261
262 The device from which the parameter is read.
263
264 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.49.12.png||height="53" width="258"]]
265
266 Protocol used (the list of protocols is formed from the configured protocols for the selected device).
267
268 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.49.50.png||height="58" width="98"]]
269
270 Affects the appearance of charting on the "Live Data" analysis page, if the tag is analog, then the switch should be like in the picture.
271
272 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.50.20.png||height="70" width="254"]]
273
274 Stores a note on the tag, does not affect the survey.
275
276 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.51.17.png||height="57" width="115"]]
277
278 Appears for tags with a protocol, saves the history of changing values. When the "Save to database" function is disabled, tag data is not transferred to the backup server and is not transmitted via the S2S protocol.
279
280 Depending on the selected device, the protocol specified when creating the device will be automatically selected in the "Protocol" field.
281
282 The rules, description, and specifics of setting up tags in terms of protocols are described in separate setup manuals.
283
Lana 88.3 284 ----
285
Lana 85.2 286 The "Processing" block contains the following fields:
287
Lana 85.3 288 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.34.56.png||height="60" width="289"]]
Lana 85.2 289
Lana 87.2 290 The formula for mathematical processing of the parameter (according to a predetermined formula or the user's formula). Clicking on the "+" opens the window for creating a new formula, which then appears in the list of templates.
Lana 85.2 291
Lana 87.2 292 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.36.47.png||height="18" width="139"]]
293
294 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.37.18.png]]
295
Lana 88.2 296 A field for entering a custom formula, not from the list of templates.
Lana 87.2 297
Lana 88.2 298 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.41.53.png||height="26" width="158"]]
299
300 Button to open help with formulas.
301
302 ----
303
304 The "Setpoints" block contains settings for the following limits:
305
306 * upper physical limit
307 * a lower physical limit
308 * upper emergency limit
309 * lower emergency limit
310 * upper warning limit
311 * Lower warning limit.
312
Lana 90.2 313 ----
Lana 88.3 314
Lana 90.2 315 Each of the above limits has the following settings:
Lana 88.3 316
Lana 90.2 317 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.44.56.png||height="66" width="49"]]
318
319 Enabling/disabling value control.
320
Lana 91.2 321 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.45.38.png||height="66" width="111"]]
Lana 90.2 322
Lana 91.2 323 Limit value in units specified by the tag.
324
Lana 93.2 325 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.46.31.png||height="66" width="111"]]
Lana 91.2 326
Lana 93.2 327 Exposure time in milliseconds before the setpoint is triggered.
Lana 91.2 328
Lana 93.2 329 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.47.13.png||height="66" width="111"]]
330
331 Enabling/disabling the acknowledgment of the event that occurs when the setpoint is triggered.
332
333 To save the tag settings, click the button [[image:1762753677285-432.png]]
334
Lana 93.3 335 Then, to apply the changes, you need to click the "Update Configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page.
336
337 Adding tags to CENTO is possible both through the above-described web interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
338
339 The rules and specifics for setting up tags for different protocols and devices are described in separate configuration guides.
340
Lana 101.2 341 ==== 2.3.2. Add a calculation tag ====
Lana 93.3 342
343 If you select the "No log" item in the "Tag Polling Description" window (see Fig. 2.11) in the "Log" field, a calculated tag will be created, the value of which can be formed based on the transformation of other tags.
344
345 The value of the calculated tag is determined by the formula entered in the "Value Processing Formula" field (see Fig. 2.11) or by the Custom Formula (see Fig. 2.12). Examples of formulas are given under the Value Processing Formula field. The available features are also listed in Table 2.1 of this manual.
346
347 For calculation tags, setpoints can be configured in the same way as tags with protocols.
Lana 94.2 348
349 After filling in the required fields, you should save the changes by clicking the button  [[image:1762753769568-573.png||height="23" width="60"]]. Then, to apply the changes, you need to click the "Update Configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page.
350
351 Adding calculation tags to CENTO, as well as other configuration elements, is possible through the above-described web interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
352
Lana 101.1 353 ==== 2.3.3. Setting up calculation formulas ====
354
355 For calculated tags (see section 2.3.2), different processing formulas are used. If you use the same type of formulas for a number of tags, you should make a description of these formulas so that you can use them to process any required tag.
356
357 You can add new formulas and adjust existing formulas on the Tag Polling Description page (Settings – Devices, Tags, Channels, Tags, Channels tab).
358
359 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.51.34.png||height="251" width="253"]]
360
361 Fig. 2.12 – Editing Formula Templates
362
363 To adjust the existing formula, you should:
364
365 * click on the "Template" field to open the list of available formula templates and use the mouse wheel to find the desired formula (see Fig. 2.12)
366 * hover over it until the "edit" and "delete" symbols appear [[image:1762753922390-602.png||height="21" width="168"]]
367 * if the template needs to be deleted, click on the "Delete" icon
368 * if the template needs to be corrected, click on the "Edit" icon
369 * The Edit Formula window opens (see Figure 2.13), where you can change the name of the formula in the Name field, and you can change the formula itself in the Formula field. There is also a hint with examples in the window
370 * To save the changes, click the button  [[image:1762753922390-303.png||height="21" width="55"]]
371
372 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.53.06.png||height="607" width="397"]]
373
374 Fig. 2.13– Edit Formulas Page
375
376 To add a new formula, on the Tag Polling Description page, click the button [[image:1762754032495-106.png||height="25" width="27"]]
377
378 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.54.20.png||height="600" width="402"]]
379
380 Fig. 2.14– Formula Creation Page
381
382 On the "Formula Creation" page that opens (see Fig. 2.14), you need to enter the name of the new formula and the formula itself in the "Formula" field.
383
384 In the expression of the formula, arithmetic operations, conditions, calls of mathematical and special functions, etc., are allowed.
385
386 The functions used in the formulas are described in Table 2.2.
387
388 Table 2.2 – Functions used in formulas.
389
390 |Function|Description|Use|Result
391 |Bit|Returns the value of a single specified bit|Bit(4,2)|1
392 |Bits|Returns the value of multiple specified bits|Bits(12,2,2)|3
393 |if|Returns a value based on whether or not a specified condition is met.|if(3-2 = 1, 'value is true', 'value is false')|'value is true'
394 |(% rowspan="2" %)Pow|(% rowspan="2" %)Returns a value raised to the specified power.|Pow(3, 2)|9
395 |Pow([dev-101-ea_imp],2)|(((
396 Dev-101-ea_imp=6
397
398 36
399 )))
400 |(% rowspan="2" %)Round|(% rowspan="2" %)Rounding a value to the nearest integer or a certain number of decimal places.|Round(3.222, 2)|3.22
401 |Round([dev-101-ea_imp],1)|(((
402 Dev-101-ea_imp=6.66
403
404 6.6
405 )))
406 |agg|Aggregates all tag values per interval by function. The result publishes to the timestamp of the end of the interval|agg(mean, ti42, 3m) - average of tag 42 over 3 minutes|35
407 |Abs|Returns the modulus //of a number//.|ABS(-1,234)|1,234
408 |sign|Returns the sign of a //number// in the form 1~|0 ~|-1.|sign(-1,234)|-1
409 |Sqrt|Returns the square root of a given number|Sqrt(4)|2
410 |rndfloat|Returns a random real number from the range [0.0,1.0]|rndfloat()|0.123
411 |rndintn|Returns a random integer from the range [0,n]|rndintn(5)|3
412 |split|Splits a //row// by a given //separator// and returns a substring by //index//|split("02-01-2006 15:04",' ',1)|"15:04"
413 |parsetime|Returns the number of seconds since the beginning of the Unix epoch according to //the format// from //the string//|parsetime('yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss', "2017-05-26 15:58:30")|1495814310
414 |Time|Returns the current time in the specified format|time('dd.MM.yyyy HH:mi:ss')|16.04.2020 01:41:07
415 |Unixepochformat|Converts the date from //seconds// since the beginning of the Unix era to a given //format//|Unixepochformat(1495814310, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss')|2017-05-26 15:58:30
416 |acos|Returns the arccosine of the //number//.|acos(0)|90
417 |asin|Returns the arc sine of //the number//.|asin(1)|90
418 |atan|Returns the arctangent of the //number//.|atan(1)|45
419 |atan2|Returns the arctangent for the specified //x// and //y coordinates//.|atan2(1, 0)|90
420 |cos|Calculates the cosine of a //number//.|COS(60)|0.5
421 |pi|Returns the value of Pi.|pi()|3.141592653589793
422 |sin|Calculates the sine of a //number//.|sin(30)|0.5
423 |tan|Calculates the tangent of the //number//.|tan(45)|1
424 |First_1h, First_1d, First_1mon|Returns the value of the tag increment at the beginning of the current hour, day, and month|First_1h(ti10101)|32.26
425 |(% rowspan="4" %)ticker(<spacing>, <expression1>, <expression2(optional)>)|(% rowspan="4" %)(((
426 Executes expression1 when the interval is triggered, or expression2 otherwise. Expression2 may be missing. In this case, the calculation will be made only at the moment of triggering the interval.
427
428 The interval can be set as a number - periodicity in seconds, or as a string in quotation marks - cron rule.
429
430 **If the formula contains prev, then you need to run the ticker using manual input and then reset it**.
431 )))|ticker(3, if(ti2==1, prev5+3, prev5)) - ti2 set counter to 1, which is updated every 3 seconds|60 sec
432 |ticker("0 0 8 * * *", 0, prev5+ti2-prev2) - accumulate tag changes with id 2 with a reset to 0 every day at 8 am|(((
433 at 7:59 – ticker = 100 sec.
434
435 at 8:00 – ticker = 0 sec.
436 )))
437 |(((
438 ticker("0 0 0 * * *", ti2, prev1) - the accumulation of tag changes from id 2 at the beginning of the day.
439
440 In this formula, you can specify //a specific time, as well as the day, month, and days of the week.//
441 )))|(((
442 If at 00:00:00 ti2=120 minutes, then the ticker during this day will be equal to 120 minutes.
443
Lana 94.2 444
Lana 101.1 445 )))
446 |(((
447 ticker("0 0 0 1 * *", ti2, prev1) - accumulation of tag changes from id 2 at the beginning of the month.
448
449
450 )))|(((
451 If on the 1st day of the month at 00:00:00 ti2=200 minutes, then the ticker during this month will be 200 minutes.
452
453
454 )))
455
Lana 101.2 456 Permissible variable designations in formulas are given in Table 2.3.
Lana 101.1 457
Lana 101.2 458 Table 2.3 – Designation of variables in formulas.
Lana 101.1 459
Lana 101.2 460 |Variable|Description
461 |[val]|Current value of the telemeter from BDRV
462 |[x1], [x2], ...|The binding of these variables is determined when describing the calculated parameters in the "Parameters" column.
463 |(((
464 [tiN],
Lana 101.1 465
Lana 101.2 466 where N is the serial number of the TI
467 )))|The meaning of telemetering from the BDRV
468 |(((
469 [devstatusN],
470
471 where N is the device number (ID)
472 )))|Device status (0 – disabled in the configuration; 1 – normal; 2 – at least one TUE has abnormal quality (out of bounds or error in the formula); 3 – device polling error (device is not available); 4 – manual input is present in the tags or channels of the device, 9 – no status).
473 |(((
474 [devprevstatusN] or [prevdevstatusN]
475
476 where N is the device number (ID)
477 )))|Previous device status (0 – disabled in the configuration; 1 – normal; 2 – at least one TUE has abnormal quality (out of bounds or error in the formula); 3 – device polling error (device not available); 4 – manual input is present in the tags or channels of the device, 9 – no status).
478 |(((
479 [prevN],
480
481 where N is the serial number of the TI
482 )))|Previous Value of Telemeter from BDRV
483
Lana 113.2 484 ==== 2.3.4. Configuring calculation channels ====
Lana 101.2 485
Lana 113.2 486 CENTO has the ability to create calculated accounting channels. A calculated channel can be created either based on the values of other channels or on the basis of tag values. In order to create a calculation channel, you need to go to the link "Settings" - "Devices, tags, channels" - "Calculation channels" (see Fig. 2.15).
487
488 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.58.58.png]]
489
490 Fig.2.15 – List of calculation channels
491
492 On the "Billing channels" tab, when you select one or more devices, all billing channels for metering these devices are displayed in a tabular form. In this table, you can perform the following operations for each parameter separately:
493
494 * Create a channel by pressing a button [[image:1762754384286-528.png||height="24" width="121"]] and [[image:1762754384287-151.png||height="26" width="114"]] in the upper right corner of the screen.
495 * Go to the channel editing window by left-clicking on the tag name or tag ID.
496 * View channel values and go to the graph page of the required parameter by clicking the left mouse button on the value.
497 * enabling and disabling channel polling by switches in the "Status" column.
498 * viewing the status of the settlement channel.
499 * viewing the time of the last update of the tag (channel) poll – the date and time (in the format "yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss") of the last successful receipt of the tag (channel) value (the tag or channel value itself may not have changed).
500 * copying and deleting channels by pressing buttons [[image:1762754384287-453.png||height="21" width="21"]] and [[image:1762754384287-190.png||height="22" width="22"]] respectively
501 * preliminary check of the formula [[image:1762754384287-268.png||height="27" width="26"]]
502 * filter by category
503 * filter by formula
504 * filter by device.
505
506 More detailed use of calculation channels is described in the "Guide to setting up accounting channels".
507
508 == 3. CONFIGURING CENTO VIA EXCEL ==
509
510 The CENTO software provides the ability to configure the system via Excel files. The interface of this functionality is located on the Downloading/Uploading Configuration Files page (Menu item "Settings" – "Configuration Files"). (see Fig. 3.1).
511
512 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.02.21.png]]
513
514 Fig. 3.1– Download/Upload Configuration Files Page
515
516 With the help of Excel files, you can configure:
517
518 1. Devices (also device tree and device types);
519 1. Tags and channels;
520 1. Events;
521 1. Information model (classes, elements, reference books);
522 1. Telecontrol Lock Conditions;
523 1. Accounting Channels.
524 1. Tabular data directories.
525 1. Alarm event recorders.
526
527 A .xlsx file with strictly defined tabs and columns is uploaded from this page with a single button. File correction is possible both through Excel and through other programs that work with the .xlsx table format, for example, LibreOffice. With another button, these files are uploaded to the server. After downloading, you need to apply the changes made by clicking the "Update configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page, as in Fig.3.2.
528
529 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.03.16.png||height="248" width="232"]]
530
531 Fig. 3.2– Update Configuration Button
532
533 In addition to the web interface, power facilities and device types can be edited through the "Devices" table. On the first tab "List of objects" there is a table as in Figure 3.3
534
535 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.04.17.png||height="194" width="384"]]
536
537 Fig. 3.3 – Table "List of objects"
538
539 The Object ID column contains unique numbers of the enterprise's power facilities. Their names are displayed in the "Object name" column. The "Parent Object ID" column determines where the power object will be located in the object tree, and if the cell is empty, then the object will lie at the root of the tree. Thus, the table shown in Figure 3.3 corresponds to the tree shown in Figure 3.4.
540
541 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.05.26.png||height="300" width="238"]]
542
543 Fig. 3.4 – Tree of power facilities
544
545 The "Sorting" field determines where objects belonging to the same "parent" will be located relative to each other.
546
547 Adding new power facilities is carried out taking into account the ID of existing objects in the table. Object IDs must not be repeated.
548
549 The Device Types tab displays the device types available on the server (see Figure 3.5).
550
551 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.06.17.png||height="286" width="268"]]
552
553 Fig. 3.5 – Table "Device Types"
554
555 The ID column of the device type displays the unique number of the device type, and the name column displays its name. To add new types, you must follow the numbering.
556
557 Editing other tabs in the Devices table and the Tags and Channels file is described in the setup guides for specific protocols and device types.
558
559 Setting up Events files is described in the Event System Configuration Guide.
560
561 The "Information Model Classes", "Information Model Elements" and "Information Model References" files are configured according to the "Information Model Setup Guide".
562
563 The rules for filling in the file "Telecontrol lock conditions" can be found in the "Remote Control Lock Settings Guide".
564
565 Working with accounting channels is described in the "Guide to setting up accounting channels".
566
567 The "Logger Settings" file is configured according to the "Alarm Event Recorder Configuration Guide".
568
569 "Tabular data references" are used in the mode calculation module, so their settings are specified in the "Mode Calculation Module Setup and Operation Manual".
570
571 == 4. EVENTS ==
572
573 "Events" in CENTO are designed to increase the observability of the system by tracking changes in the state of process equipment, recording changes in the event log and alerting users.
574
575 Events help personnel to respond in a timely manner to changes in the technological process and system operation.
576
577 * Event settings are located in the "Event Editor" menu item (see Fig. 4.1). Events that are configured on this page are included in the archive log of technological events, as well as in the operational log. For a more detailed description of the Event Editor page and how to configure technology events, see the Event System Setup Guide.
578
Lana 114.2 579 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.07.47.png||height="376" width="319"]]
580
581 Fig. 4.1 – Event Menu
582
583 * In the CENTO software, it is possible to notify users about the occurrence of events by e-mail in the "Notifications" menu item, the description and configuration of this functionality are described in the "Event System Configuration Guide".
584 * In the "Sound Editor" menu, it is possible to upload files for sound notification of the occurrence of an event, the setting is also indicated in the "Event System Setup Guide".
585
586 == 5. MNEMONICS ==
587
Lana 119.2 588 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.13.04.png||height="403" width="658"]]
Lana 115.2 589
590 Fig. 5.1 – Mnemonics
591
592 All mnemonic diagrams are developed in the built-in editor, which is located in the menu item "Mnemonics Diagrams" ("Settings" - "Mimic Diagrams" (see Fig. 5.1)). Available for viewing by the User are located in the tree of active mnemonic diagrams by clicking on the main menu of the CENTO software under the item [[image:1762755230293-190.png||height="21" width="120"]]
593
594 Mimic diagrams display data from the polled devices, their tags and channels, in various forms of display (graphs, tables, reference information, animations of graphic elements, etc.).
595
596 More detailed use of mnemonic diagrams, their creation and configuration are described in the "Guide to the development of mnemonic diagrams".
597
Lana 116.2 598 == 6. INFORMATION MODEL ==
Lana 115.2 599
600 An information model is a tool for describing the object of automation (physical objects, equipment, processes, etc.).  The information model allows you to reflect the structure and consolidate information on each created object in the form of attributes (measurements, reference values, regulatory documentation, etc.). The information model is widely used in CENTO: to simplify the configuration of large systems, to implement various functions, to differentiate rights by objects.
601
602 The IM can be configured in the web editor "Information Model Editor" (see Fig. 6.1).
Lana 116.2 603
Lana 119.2 604 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.15.02.png||height="397" width="1060"]]
Lana 116.2 605
606 Fig. 6.1 – Information Model Editor Page
607
Lana 117.2 608 With the help of this editor, directories, classes, and objects of the Information Model are created.
Lana 116.2 609
610 For a detailed description of how to set up an information model, see the Information Model Setup Guide.
611
Lana 117.2 612 == 7. SYSTEM SETTINGS ==
613
614 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.16.25.png]]
615
616 Fig.7.1 – Menu "System"
617
Lana 118.2 618 The CENTO software administrator has access to settings from the "System" menu item, as shown in Figure 7.1.
Lana 117.2 619
Lana 118.2 620 1. **Menu Editor** – allows you to configure the CENTO main menu (see the "Administration Guide. Menu Editing").
621 1. **User rights** - configure access to various sections and interfaces of CENTO (see "Guide to setting up access rights").
622 1. **System information** – contains information about active modules, the number of tags/channels used, as well as the services installed on the server.
623 1. **Mail servers** are used to receive and send information through mail servers (event-based notifications, xml layouts). Fig.7.2 shows an example of configured outgoing and incoming mail servers.
Lana 117.2 624
Lana 118.2 625 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.17.36.png]]
626
Lana 119.2 627 Fig.7.2 – Setting up mail servers
Lana 118.2 628
Lana 120.2 629 To create a server, click [[image:1762755556265-323.png||height="24" width="85"]] in the upper right part of the interface. After that, a page for creating a mail server will open, see Fig.7.3.
Lana 119.2 630
Lana 120.2 631 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.19.52.png||height="378" width="512"]]
Lana 119.2 632
Lana 120.2 633 Fig.7.3 – Creating a mail server
Lana 119.2 634
Lana 120.3 635 * "Name" - the name of the mail server is written
636 * "Status" - enable/disable
637 * "Protocol" - if you select SMTP, an outgoing mail server will be created, and for POP3 and IMAP protocols, an incoming mail server will be created
638 * "Sender's address" - the sender's e-mail address
639 * "Server" - the address of the server
640 * "Port" - connection port
641 * "User Name" means the user's name
642 * "Password" - the password of the mail
643 * "Use SSl/TLS" - enable/disable communication encryption
Lana 120.2 644 * "Use authentication" - depends on the settings of the mail server, enabled if the type of authorization with authentication is configured.
645
Lana 121.2 646 **5. System Settings** – allows you to configure:
Lana 120.2 647
Lana 120.3 648 * depth of storage of tag values/flexible reports/system log/technological log (see Fig. 7.4), after the expiration of the depth period, the data will be deleted from the database:
Lana 120.2 649
Lana 122.2 650 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.22.12.png||height="242" width="632"]]
Lana 120.2 651
Lana 121.2 652 Fig.7.4 – Setting the storage depth
Lana 120.3 653
Lana 122.2 654 * change the language of the system (see Fig.7.5) After changing the language, the language in the CENTO interfaces will be changed (except for the information entered by the user himself when configuring the system, for example: names of devices, tags, symbols on mnemonic circuits, etc.)
655
Lana 126.2 656 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.23.20.png||height="214" width="972"]]
Lana 122.2 657
658 Fig.7.5 – Selection of the system language
659
Lana 123.2 660 * server redundancy and backup of configuration/live data of tags and accounting channels/logs/reports (see "Backup Guide");
661 * To change the row height for all tables in the CENTO interfaces, see Figure 7.6:
662
Lana 126.2 663 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.24.28.png||height="217" width="974"]]
Lana 123.2 664
665 Fig.7.6 – Adjusting rows in interface tables
666
667 * Changing the start page of the system.
668
669 To apply the changes, you need to refresh the browser page.
670
Lana 124.2 671 == 8. TRANSFER KITS ==
672
673 A number of methods are provided for the transfer of information (tags, channels) from CENTO to third-party systems:
674
675 * Transmission via IEC-60870-5-104 protocol (tags);
676 * Transmission via MODBUS TCP (tags);
677 * Transfer to third-party MS SQL or MySQL databases (channels);
678 * Transmission of electricity metering data in the form of XML files (channels);
679 * Transmission via the OPC UA protocol (tags, channels);
680 * Transfer via API (tags, channels, device trees, objects, information model attributes, etc.)
681
682 Data transfer via the OPC UA protocol and API does not require additional settings and is available after the installation of the appropriate modules in the system.
683
Lana 152.7 684 Data transfer by other methods is carried out through the so-called Transmission Sets. Setting up Sets for transfer is located in the "Set Editor" (see Fig. 8.1) and the procedure for working with this interface is described in more detail in the "Guide to setting up sets for transmission".
Lana 124.2 685
Lana 126.2 686 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.26.20.png||height="174" width="990"]]
Lana 124.2 687
Lana 152.7 688 Fig.8.1 – Set Editor
Lana 125.1 689
690 == 9. LIGHTING CONTROL ==
691
Lana 127.2 692 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.28.49.png||height="174" width="695"]]
693
Lana 152.7 694 Fig.9.1 – Lighting control
Lana 127.2 695
Lana 152.7 696 The "Lighting Control" page (see Fig. 9.1) ("Settings" - "Lighting Control") is used to enable/disable lighting objects from the "Lighting Control Module" schedule. The operation of this module is described in the "Lighting Control Module Setup Guide".
Lana 127.2 697
698 == 10. TOOLING ==
699
700 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.29.51.png||height="354" width="291"]]
Lana 133.2 701
Lana 152.7 702 Fig.10.1 – Tools menu
Lana 133.2 703
Lana 152.7 704 The CENTO software administrator has access to settings from the "Tools" menu item, as shown in Figure 10.1:
Lana 133.2 705
Lana 152.7 706 **~1. Monitoring** – allows you to view the list of installed services in a tabular form (see Fig.10.2), there are filters in the Name and Status columns [[image:1762756224414-911.png]] , and sorting buttons in others [[image:1762756224415-121.png]] . Also, data on services can be viewed in a graphical representation on the tab [[image:1762756224415-521.png]] (see Fig.10.3). Data can be downloaded by clicking a button [[image:1762756224415-118.png||height="24" width="97"]] to a .xlsx file (see Fig.10.4), for a certain period of time selected in the calendar [[image:1762756224415-292.png||height="24" width="254"]]
Lana 133.2 707
Lana 149.2 708 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.31.16.png]]
709
Lana 152.7 710 Fig.10.2 – List of services in tabular form
Lana 149.2 711
712 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.32.04.png]]
713
Lana 152.7 714 Fig.10.3 – Service schedules
Lana 149.2 715
716 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.32.34.png||height="401" width="348"]]
717
Lana 152.7 718 Fig.10.4 – Metrics in excel
Lana 149.2 719
Lana 152.7 720 In addition to information about the operation of services, in this interface, you can view data on Users who use CENTO Software (see Fig. 10.5).
Lana 149.2 721
722 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.33.14.png]]
723
Lana 152.7 724 Fig.10.5 – Users in CENTO software interfaces
Lana 149.2 725
726 This page displays information about Users who have used the CENTO software interfaces with the ability to search [[image:1762756421096-660.png]] by and sort [[image:1762756421096-718.png]] :
727
728 * **User name** – displays the name of the user logged in;
729 * **Login** – the authorization login is displayed;
730 * **Role** – the roles assigned to the user are displayed;
731 * **IP address** - network address of the user's workplace;
732 * **Connection time** – the connection time is displayed in the format "yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss";
733 * **Disconnection time **- displays the time of disconnection of the user from the system in the format "yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss";
734 * **Actions **– contains a button [[image:1762756421096-315.png]] – "end all user sessions";
735 * **The Log button **opens the System Events log with a filter of user connections and disconnections.
736
737 **2. Server Reservation** – This item displays information about server reservations, the interface is described in the "Backup Guide".
738
Lana 152.7 739 **3. Applications **—Provides access to additional applications that can be used on the system. This is currently the "CENTO Client" (see Figure 10.6)
Lana 149.2 740
741 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.34.57.png||height="254" width="627"]]
742
Lana 152.8 743 Fig.10.6 – Appendices
Lana 149.2 744
745 The application is installed on the user's workplace. Allows you to work with CENTO without using a browser. After downloading the application for a certain type of operating system, it is necessary to run the file and enter the IP address of the server, after which the User gets to the authorization page, as without using this application.
746
747 == 11. OTHER SETTINGS IN INTERFACES ==
748
749 === 11.1. Analysis of real-time data ===
750
Lana 152.8 751 On the page "Analysis of operational data" ("Analysis" - "Operational data") there is a tab "Time" (Fig. 11.1), which is designed for time control on devices capable of transmitting their internal time to CENTO. In order for such devices to appear in the interface, time is collected from them into a tag with a name, for example, "Device time" in a string in the format YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.  Next [[image:1762756612986-850.png||height="24" width="25"]] , the system will find all tags with this name and compare the time specified in them with the time of the last polling of the device. The difference will be displayed in the right column and will give the User an understanding of how many seconds the time of the device differs from the server time.
Lana 149.2 752
753 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.37.36.png||height="352" width="806"]]
754
Lana 152.8 755 Fig. 11.1 – Analysis of live data, "Time" tab
Lana 149.2 756
757 === 11.2. Analysis of metering data ===
758
Lana 152.8 759 On the page "Analysis of Metering data" ("Analysis" - "Metering Data"), in the Devices and Objects trees, it is possible to remove the tree levels (see Fig. 11.2) to display the path of the linked device in the table header (see Fig. 11.3) in the configuration window called by the button [[image:1762756705490-371.png||height="30" width="31"]] that is available to the User with the Administrator role. These settings are applied to all users.
Lana 149.2 760
761 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.38.55.png||height="81" width="181"]]
762
Lana 152.8 763 Fig. 11.2 – Setting the Display of Tree Levels
Lana 149.2 764
765 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.39.58.png||height="279" width="809"]]
766
Lana 152.8 767 Fig. 11.3 – Display Tree Levels According to Setting
Lana 149.2 768
769 === 11.3. Logs ===
770
771 In any event log ("Logs" - "Technological Events" - "Video Cameras" - "Oscillograms" - "Power Quality" - "Device Events" - System Events - "All Events") it is possible for the User with the Administrator role to change the width of columns by hovering over their borders and dragging them left/right. This appearance display will apply to all Users.
772
Lana 152.8 773 [[image:1762756832283-936.png]] - Log display configuration button (down left corner). By default, it is present only in the User interface with Administrator rights. Clicking this button opens a pop-up window (Fig. 11.4), in which the User sets the height of the rows in the log, the method of displaying the paths to the device and the IM object: chooses how many levels to display starting from the device or hide starting from the root of the tree, the same choice with the tree of objects of the information model. Selects the alignment in the columns (centered, left, or right). It also edits the display/hiding of columns and their placement relative to each other by dragging and dropping the icon [[image:1762756832283-360.png]]
Lana 149.2 774
775 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.41.27.png||height="613" width="429"]]
776
Lana 152.8 777 Fig. 11.4 – Configure Log Display
Lana 149.2 778
779 == BASIC CONCEPTS AND ABBREVIATIONS ==
780
781 DB – database;
782
783 Real-Time Database
784
785 Software – software;
786
787
Lana 151.1 788 [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.45.17.png]]