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version	line-number	content
152.1	1	== CONTENT ==
1.1	2
152.2	3	1. INTRODUCTION
	4
	5	2. DEVICES, TAGS, CHANNELS
	6
10.2	7	== 1. INTRODUCTION ==
	8
	9	CENTO is a multifunctional software platform for data collection, processing, and display.
5.1	10	CENTO can be used to build various automated systems, for example: dispatching, control, accounting, diagnostics, etc.
	11	This guide describes the general steps for setting up CENTO software, as well as links to other instructions.
10.2	12
	13	== 2. DEVICES, TAGS, CHANNELS ==
	14
	15	Operations for configuring the CENTO software are performed from the drop-down menu "Settings" (see Fig. 2.1) of the control panel at the top of the CENTO graphical interface.
16.1	16	\\[[image:1762536204394-536.png\|\|height="430" width="212"]]
7.2	17	Fig. 2.1 – Settings drop-down menu
9.2	18
12.1	19	=== 2.1. Creating a device tree ===
10.2	20
12.1	21	Configuration begins with the creation of a tree of devices (sources of information). The device tree is formed based on the convenience of further work with this tree and can reflect either the structure and names of the places where information sources are installed, or (in the case of small projects) combine information sources and production facilities of the enterprise. This tree is necessary for the subsequent attribution of all sources of information and the information itself to this structure.
	22
	23	To configure the structure, go to the "Devices, tags, channels" page (Settings – Devices, tags, channels) (see Fig. 2.2).
	24
84.1	25	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.07.38.png\|\|height="150" width="1018"]]
15.2	26
18.2	27	Fig. 2.2 – Devices, Tags, Channels Page
15.2	28
18.2	29	By default, CENTO has a "Root Object" preset. Under the root object, you can specify, for example, the name of a company or a separate object. In order to rename a tree element, you need to hover the mouse pointer over it and right-click, and then select "Edit" (see Fig. 2.3). You can also delete an unnecessary object by clicking on the button [[image:1762746580637-301.png]]
15.2	30
	31
47.2	32	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.06.44.png\|\|height="332" width="501"]]
45.2	33
18.2	34	Fig. 2.3 – Editing an object
	35
	36	Attention! There must be no tethered devices in the power facility for removal.
	37
	38
	39	Adding objects in the structure (name of the system or enterprise) is performed by right-clicking (hereinafter referred to as the "RMB") on:
	40
21.2	41	* Selected object in the tree, in which case the new object will be nested;
	42	* In the empty space of a given tree, in this case, the new object will be an independent object in this structure.
18.2	43
21.2	44	The sequence and nesting of objects in the tree can be adjusted by dragging objects by holding down the left mouse button (see Fig. 2.4), as well as by using [[image:1762746645908-483.png]] and [[image:1762746672090-269.png]]selecting the desired object in the tree (see Fig. 2.5).
18.2	45
45.2	46	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.05.39.png\|\|height="213" width="499"]]
23.2	47
	48	Fig. 2.4 – Dragging a New Object Inside the Tree
	49
45.2	50	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.05.00.png\|\|height="407" width="496"]]
23.2	51
	52	Fig. 2.5 – Dragging a New Object Inside the Tree
	53
28.2	54	To select all objects, click on the button [[image:1762746768528-956.png]] , and it will change its appearance to [[image:1762746794500-389.png]]. To reset the selection of all objects in the tree, click on this button again [[image:1762746812138-731.png]]. To collapse the tree, click on , and [[image:1762746841632-572.png]] to expand it [[image:1762746869342-141.png]]. To change the width of the tree, you need to hover over the vertical line, and drag right/left while holding down the click and click.
23.2	55
29.2	56	The search input field [[image:1762746912120-741.png]] allows you to search for information by the name of the tree object, the name of the device, as well as its ID or Code.
	57
	58	Adding and configuring power facilities to CENTO is possible both through the above-described WEB-interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
	59
31.2	60	=== 2.2. Creating devices ===
29.2	61
31.2	62	You can create new devices (information sources) and edit existing ones on the "Devices, tags, channels" page ("Settings" – "Devices, tags, channels") (see Fig. 2.6).
29.2	63
44.2	64	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.04.03.png]]
31.2	65
	66	Fig. 2.6 – Devices page
	67
	68	On this page, you can perform the following operations:
	69
38.2	70	* Creating a device by clicking the button [[image:1762747055524-817.png\|\|height="22" width="94"]] in the upper right corner of the screen;
	71	* downloading/uploading selected devices to an Excel file by pressing a button [[image:1762747071069-512.png\|\|height="21" width="88"]] , which allows you to configure devices for scanning without uploading the entire configuration on the page from section 3;
36.2	72	* go to the device editing window by left-clicking on the device name or its ID;
	73	* search for an already configured device by selecting in the object tree and searching for devices in these objects manually or through filters in the headers of the device table, where [[image:1762747071070-762.png\|\|height="25" width="30"]] it searches by ID or by Code, depending on the user's choice;
	74	* enabling and disabling device polling by switches in the "Status" column;
	75	* viewing the status of the device and polling it according to the configured protocols;
38.2	76	* copying an untagged device [[image:1762747071070-928.png\|\|height="24" width="24"]] with its tags [[image:1762747071070-641.png\|\|height="25" width="24"]] and deleting devices [[image:1762747071071-408.png\|\|height="23" width="23"]] ;
36.2	77	* filter by category;
	78	* filter by formula;
	79	* filter by device.
31.2	80
38.2	81	Clicking on the button will open the [[image:1762747182802-715.png\|\|height="26" width="110"]] "Create a device" page, where you need to enter the parameters of the new device (see Fig. 2.7).
31.2	82
42.2	83	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.02.13.png]]
40.2	84
42.2	85	Fig. 2.7 – Device Creation Page
	86
40.2	87	In order to edit an already configured device, click on its name on the "Devices" page, which will take you to the "Device Editing" page (see Fig. 2.8).
	88
	89	To speed up the creation of a device group, CENTO has the function of copying devices with all their settings by clicking the button [[image:1762747218001-134.png\|\|height="27" width="27"]] on the "Devices, tags, channels" page (see Fig. 2.6). Next, you need to change the configuration in accordance with the project, also going to the "Edit device" page.
	90
41.2	91	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.01.08.png]]
	92
	93	Fig. 2.8 – Device Editing Page
	94
48.2	95	The "Create Device" window ("Edit Device") consists of 2 blocks. The first block "General settings" has the same view for all devices. In the second block, you are asked to select and enter settings for the device polling protocol. For each device, it is possible to poll according to 2 or more protocols, for example, for electricity meters (polling real-time parameters, downloading archives of accumulated interval values of electricity) (see Fig. 2.8).
	96
	97	The "General settings" block contains the following fields:
	98
60.1	99	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.32.16.png\|\|height="57" width="240"]]
48.2	100
84.1	101	Device name.
48.2	102
66.2	103	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.23.37.png\|\|height="57" width="232"]]
60.1	104
84.1	105	Select a template that corresponds to the selected device from the drop-down list or create a new one using the "+" button.
60.1	106
	107	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.26.11.png\|\|height="58" width="235"]]
	108
84.1	109	Identification number of the device in the system (by default, it is set automatically).
60.1	110
	111	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.27.03.png\|\|height="59" width="240"]]
	112
84.1	113	IP address of the device.
60.1	114
	115	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.28.08.png\|\|height="58" width="240"]]
	116
84.1	117	Serial number (for electricity meters).
60.1	118
	119	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.29.00.png\|\|height="57" width="241"]]
	120
84.1	121	The object to which the device belongs.
60.1	122
	123	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.30.58.png\|\|height="74" width="242"]]
	124
84.1	125	Stores a note on the device.
60.1	126
	127	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.31.47.png\|\|height="57" width="243"]]
	128
84.1	129	Binding the device to the object of the information model.
60.1	130
	131	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.33.17.png\|\|height="29" width="129"]]
	132
	133	Allows you to replace the existing device with a new one, saving the metering data (after clicking, an additional window with instructions pops up, see Fig. 2.9).
	134
	135	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.34.00.png\|\|height="364" width="720"]]
	136
	137	Fig. 2.9 – Window "Replacement of the metering device"
	138
66.2	139	After filling in the required fields, you should click on the "Save" button.
	140
	141	Then, to apply the changes, you need to click the "Update Configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page.
	142
	143	Adding devices and configuring protocols to CENTO is possible both through the above-described WEB-interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
	144
	145	The rules and features of setting up devices and protocols are described in separate commissioning manuals.
	146
	147	After you add a new device, it appears in the device tree on the Devices page. The device name in the tree and in the device table may be preceded by one of the following icons ("statuses"), which are described in Table 2.1.
	148
	149	Table 2.1 – Device status decoding
	150
	151	\|Status Number\|Device Status\|Decoding
	152	\|0\|[[image:1762749353292-521.png]]\|Disabled (device polling disabled in CENTO)
	153	\|1\|[[image:1762749353293-182.png]]\|Normal (the device is connected, tags arrive without errors)
	154	\|2\|[[image:1762749353293-752.png]]\|Data in the device with errors (some tags come with errors or are not polled)
	155	\|3\|[[image:1762749353293-611.png]]\|Device is not available (device polling is enabled, but the device is not responding)
	156	\|4\|[[image:1762749353293-609.png]]\|Tags or channels by device contain data with manual input
	157	\|9\|[[image:1762749353294-893.png]]\|Status Not Available (Status Not Yet Received or Not Available)
	158
67.2	159	=== 2.3. Set up tags and channels ===
66.2	160
67.2	161	In CENTO software, information is divided into 2 types: tags and channels.
66.2	162
67.2	163	Tags are data, conditionally, "real-time". That is, data collected from sources of information with the lowest possible delays. The frequency of updating the value of each tag depends on the settings you set, the technical features of the data sources, and their capabilities. For example, in dispatching systems, data is updated once per second, but it can be both more frequent and less frequent (for example, it may depend on how much the value itself has changed).
66.2	164
	165	Channels are data used for metering (electricity, other energy resources, operating time, products, etc.). A feature of metering channels is a clearly defined discreteness of information (for example: 1 minute, 3 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, etc.). The value of the channel is recorded as an increment of a value for a given period, averaging for a given period and a value at the end of the period. In metering systems, information is most often transmitted in this form by the data sources themselves (meters, heat calculators, etc.), but accounting channels can also be formed in CENTO itself based on tag values. The use of information in the form of "channels" in accounting allows you to receive information from data sources even in case of failures in communication channels (data can be obtained from the archive after the connection is restored), it is convenient to work with data, and generate various reports.
	166
	167	Tags and accounting channels are configured on the same page "Devices, tags, channels" ("Settings" - "Devices, tags, channels") on the "Tags, channels" tab (see Fig. 2.10).
67.2	168
72.2	169	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.38.04.png]]
	170
	171	Fig. 2.10 – Parameter Description Page
	172
	173	On the "Tags, Channels" tab, when selecting one or more devices, all tags and channels of device data accounting are displayed in a tabular form. In this table, you can perform the following operations for each signal separately:
	174
	175	* Create a tag or channel by clicking [[image:1762749527914-134.png\|\|height="20" width="117"]] the button in the upper right corner of the screen.
	176	* the button [[image:1762749527915-501.png\|\|height="21" width="69"]] allows you to export data on selected tags to an excel table, completely repeating columns and rows from "Tags, channels", while this uploaded file serves only for analysis, not configuration;
	177	* The button [[image:1762749527915-879.png\|\|height="21" width="85"]] allows you to upload/download an Excel file with selected tags, in which you can remove/add tags to specific devices without downloading the entire configuration from the page from section 3 of this manual;
	178	* Go to the tag or channel editing window by clicking the left mouse button on the tag name or its ID;
	179	* viewing the values of tags and channels and going to the graph page of the required parameter by clicking the left mouse button on the value;
	180	* enabling and disabling tag (channel) polling by radio buttons in the "Status" column;
	181	* viewing the status of the tag (channel) and its polling;
	182	* viewing the time of the last update of the tag (channel) survey – the date and time (in the format "yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss") of the last successful receipt of the tag (channel) value (the value of the tag or channel itself may not have changed);
84.1	183	* copying and deleting tags and channels by clicking buttons [[image:1762749562010-279.png\|\|height="25" width="25"]] and [[image:1762749562011-728.png\|\|height="24" width="24"]] respectively.
72.2	184
84.1	185	==== 2.3.1. Adding a protocol tag ====
	186
	187	To create a separate tag, click on the "Create Tag" button. This will open the "Tag Polling Creation" page (see Figure 2.11).
	188
	189	To display the protocol settings, you must first select the device (data source). After that, a set of protocols configured for the device will appear in the "Protocol" drop-down list (see p.2.2).
	190
	191	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.42.20.png]]
	192
	193	Fig. 2.11 – Adding a protocol tag
	194
	195	The "Tag Polling Creation" window consists of 4 blocks. The first block "General settings" contains the settings of the protocol that is configured in the device for which the tag is created. The second block contains the settings of the protocol through which the tag is passed (appears when the protocol is selected). The third block contains functions for processing the value of the tag. In the fourth block, the tag settings are configured, which determine the permissible limits of its change and the system's reaction to violation of these limits.
	196
88.3	197	----
	198
84.1	199	The "General settings" block contains the following fields:
	200
	201	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.43.37.png\|\|height="51" width="258"]]
	202
	203	Parameter name (set by the user).
	204
	205	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.44.12.png\|\|height="51" width="257"]]
	206
	207	Selection of the parameter category.
	208
	209	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.45.47.png\|\|height="51" width="257"]]
	210
	211	The alphabetic code of the tag, which can be used instead of ID (it is possible to enter numbers, Latin letters and the symbol _ ).
	212
	213	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.46.25.png\|\|height="51" width="257"]]
	214
	215	The identity address of the parameter. Default is set automatically, and can be changed.
	216
	217	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.47.06.png\|\|height="49" width="125"]]
	218
	219	Units of measurement of the parameter.
	220
	221	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.47.38.png\|\|height="53" width="255"]]
	222
	223	The device from which the parameter is read.
	224
	225	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.49.12.png\|\|height="53" width="258"]]
	226
	227	Protocol used (the list of protocols is formed from the configured protocols for the selected device).
	228
	229	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.49.50.png\|\|height="58" width="98"]]
	230
	231	Affects the appearance of charting on the "Live Data" analysis page, if the tag is analog, then the switch should be like in the picture.
	232
	233	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.50.20.png\|\|height="70" width="254"]]
	234
	235	Stores a note on the tag, does not affect the survey.
	236
	237	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 20.51.17.png\|\|height="57" width="115"]]
	238
	239	Appears for tags with a protocol, saves the history of changing values. When the "Save to database" function is disabled, tag data is not transferred to the backup server and is not transmitted via the S2S protocol.
	240
	241	Depending on the selected device, the protocol specified when creating the device will be automatically selected in the "Protocol" field.
	242
	243	The rules, description, and specifics of setting up tags in terms of protocols are described in separate setup manuals.
	244
88.3	245	----
	246
85.2	247	The "Processing" block contains the following fields:
	248
85.3	249	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.34.56.png\|\|height="60" width="289"]]
85.2	250
87.2	251	The formula for mathematical processing of the parameter (according to a predetermined formula or the user's formula). Clicking on the "+" opens the window for creating a new formula, which then appears in the list of templates.
85.2	252
87.2	253	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.36.47.png\|\|height="18" width="139"]]
	254
	255	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.37.18.png]]
	256
88.2	257	A field for entering a custom formula, not from the list of templates.
87.2	258
88.2	259	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.41.53.png\|\|height="26" width="158"]]
	260
	261	Button to open help with formulas.
	262
	263	----
	264
	265	The "Setpoints" block contains settings for the following limits:
	266
	267	* upper physical limit
	268	* a lower physical limit
	269	* upper emergency limit
	270	* lower emergency limit
	271	* upper warning limit
	272	* Lower warning limit.
	273
90.2	274	----
88.3	275
90.2	276	Each of the above limits has the following settings:
88.3	277
90.2	278	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.44.56.png\|\|height="66" width="49"]]
	279
	280	Enabling/disabling value control.
	281
91.2	282	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.45.38.png\|\|height="66" width="111"]]
90.2	283
91.2	284	Limit value in units specified by the tag.
	285
93.2	286	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.46.31.png\|\|height="66" width="111"]]
91.2	287
93.2	288	Exposure time in milliseconds before the setpoint is triggered.
91.2	289
93.2	290	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.47.13.png\|\|height="66" width="111"]]
	291
	292	Enabling/disabling the acknowledgment of the event that occurs when the setpoint is triggered.
	293
	294	To save the tag settings, click the button [[image:1762753677285-432.png]]
	295
93.3	296	Then, to apply the changes, you need to click the "Update Configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page.
	297
	298	Adding tags to CENTO is possible both through the above-described web interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
	299
	300	The rules and specifics for setting up tags for different protocols and devices are described in separate configuration guides.
	301
101.2	302	==== 2.3.2. Add a calculation tag ====
93.3	303
	304	If you select the "No log" item in the "Tag Polling Description" window (see Fig. 2.11) in the "Log" field, a calculated tag will be created, the value of which can be formed based on the transformation of other tags.
	305
	306	The value of the calculated tag is determined by the formula entered in the "Value Processing Formula" field (see Fig. 2.11) or by the Custom Formula (see Fig. 2.12). Examples of formulas are given under the Value Processing Formula field. The available features are also listed in Table 2.1 of this manual.
	307
	308	For calculation tags, setpoints can be configured in the same way as tags with protocols.
94.2	309
	310	After filling in the required fields, you should save the changes by clicking the button [[image:1762753769568-573.png\|\|height="23" width="60"]]. Then, to apply the changes, you need to click the "Update Configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page.
	311
	312	Adding calculation tags to CENTO, as well as other configuration elements, is possible through the above-described web interface and using Excel files. Loading the CENTO configuration via Excel files is described in Section 3 of this guide.
	313
101.1	314	==== 2.3.3. Setting up calculation formulas ====
	315
	316	For calculated tags (see section 2.3.2), different processing formulas are used. If you use the same type of formulas for a number of tags, you should make a description of these formulas so that you can use them to process any required tag.
	317
	318	You can add new formulas and adjust existing formulas on the Tag Polling Description page (Settings – Devices, Tags, Channels, Tags, Channels tab).
	319
	320	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.51.34.png\|\|height="251" width="253"]]
	321
	322	Fig. 2.12 – Editing Formula Templates
	323
	324	To adjust the existing formula, you should:
	325
	326	* click on the "Template" field to open the list of available formula templates and use the mouse wheel to find the desired formula (see Fig. 2.12)
	327	* hover over it until the "edit" and "delete" symbols appear [[image:1762753922390-602.png\|\|height="21" width="168"]]
	328	* if the template needs to be deleted, click on the "Delete" icon
	329	* if the template needs to be corrected, click on the "Edit" icon
	330	* The Edit Formula window opens (see Figure 2.13), where you can change the name of the formula in the Name field, and you can change the formula itself in the Formula field. There is also a hint with examples in the window
	331	* To save the changes, click the button [[image:1762753922390-303.png\|\|height="21" width="55"]]
	332
	333	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.53.06.png\|\|height="607" width="397"]]
	334
	335	Fig. 2.13– Edit Formulas Page
	336
	337	To add a new formula, on the Tag Polling Description page, click the button [[image:1762754032495-106.png\|\|height="25" width="27"]]
	338
	339	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.54.20.png\|\|height="600" width="402"]]
	340
	341	Fig. 2.14– Formula Creation Page
	342
	343	On the "Formula Creation" page that opens (see Fig. 2.14), you need to enter the name of the new formula and the formula itself in the "Formula" field.
	344
	345	In the expression of the formula, arithmetic operations, conditions, calls of mathematical and special functions, etc., are allowed.
	346
	347	The functions used in the formulas are described in Table 2.2.
	348
	349	Table 2.2 – Functions used in formulas.
	350
	351	\|Function\|Description\|Use\|Result
	352	\|Bit\|Returns the value of a single specified bit\|Bit(4,2)\|1
	353	\|Bits\|Returns the value of multiple specified bits\|Bits(12,2,2)\|3
	354	\|if\|Returns a value based on whether or not a specified condition is met.\|if(3-2 = 1, 'value is true', 'value is false')\|'value is true'
	355	\|(% rowspan="2" %)Pow\|(% rowspan="2" %)Returns a value raised to the specified power.\|Pow(3, 2)\|9
	356	\|Pow([dev-101-ea_imp],2)\|(((
	357	Dev-101-ea_imp=6
	358
	359	36
	360	)))
	361	\|(% rowspan="2" %)Round\|(% rowspan="2" %)Rounding a value to the nearest integer or a certain number of decimal places.\|Round(3.222, 2)\|3.22
	362	\|Round([dev-101-ea_imp],1)\|(((
	363	Dev-101-ea_imp=6.66
	364
	365	6.6
	366	)))
	367	\|agg\|Aggregates all tag values per interval by function. The result publishes to the timestamp of the end of the interval\|agg(mean, ti42, 3m) - average of tag 42 over 3 minutes\|35
	368	\|Abs\|Returns the modulus //of a number//.\|ABS(-1,234)\|1,234
	369	\|sign\|Returns the sign of a //number// in the form 1~\|0 ~\|-1.\|sign(-1,234)\|-1
	370	\|Sqrt\|Returns the square root of a given number\|Sqrt(4)\|2
	371	\|rndfloat\|Returns a random real number from the range [0.0,1.0]\|rndfloat()\|0.123
	372	\|rndintn\|Returns a random integer from the range [0,n]\|rndintn(5)\|3
	373	\|split\|Splits a //row// by a given //separator// and returns a substring by //index//\|split("02-01-2006 15:04",' ',1)\|"15:04"
	374	\|parsetime\|Returns the number of seconds since the beginning of the Unix epoch according to //the format// from //the string//\|parsetime('yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss', "2017-05-26 15:58:30")\|1495814310
	375	\|Time\|Returns the current time in the specified format\|time('dd.MM.yyyy HH:mi:ss')\|16.04.2020 01:41:07
	376	\|Unixepochformat\|Converts the date from //seconds// since the beginning of the Unix era to a given //format//\|Unixepochformat(1495814310, 'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss')\|2017-05-26 15:58:30
	377	\|acos\|Returns the arccosine of the //number//.\|acos(0)\|90
	378	\|asin\|Returns the arc sine of //the number//.\|asin(1)\|90
	379	\|atan\|Returns the arctangent of the //number//.\|atan(1)\|45
	380	\|atan2\|Returns the arctangent for the specified //x// and //y coordinates//.\|atan2(1, 0)\|90
	381	\|cos\|Calculates the cosine of a //number//.\|COS(60)\|0.5
	382	\|pi\|Returns the value of Pi.\|pi()\|3.141592653589793
	383	\|sin\|Calculates the sine of a //number//.\|sin(30)\|0.5
	384	\|tan\|Calculates the tangent of the //number//.\|tan(45)\|1
	385	\|First_1h, First_1d, First_1mon\|Returns the value of the tag increment at the beginning of the current hour, day, and month\|First_1h(ti10101)\|32.26
	386	\|(% rowspan="4" %)ticker(<spacing>, <expression1>, <expression2(optional)>)\|(% rowspan="4" %)(((
	387	Executes expression1 when the interval is triggered, or expression2 otherwise. Expression2 may be missing. In this case, the calculation will be made only at the moment of triggering the interval.
	388
	389	The interval can be set as a number - periodicity in seconds, or as a string in quotation marks - cron rule.
	390
	391	If the formula contains prev, then you need to run the ticker using manual input and then reset it.
	392	)))\|ticker(3, if(ti2==1, prev5+3, prev5)) - ti2 set counter to 1, which is updated every 3 seconds\|60 sec
	393	\|ticker("0 0 8 * * *", 0, prev5+ti2-prev2) - accumulate tag changes with id 2 with a reset to 0 every day at 8 am\|(((
	394	at 7:59 – ticker = 100 sec.
	395
	396	at 8:00 – ticker = 0 sec.
	397	)))
	398	\|(((
	399	ticker("0 0 0 * * *", ti2, prev1) - the accumulation of tag changes from id 2 at the beginning of the day.
	400
	401	In this formula, you can specify //a specific time, as well as the day, month, and days of the week.//
	402	)))\|(((
	403	If at 00:00:00 ti2=120 minutes, then the ticker during this day will be equal to 120 minutes.
	404
94.2	405
101.1	406	)))
	407	\|(((
	408	ticker("0 0 0 1 * *", ti2, prev1) - accumulation of tag changes from id 2 at the beginning of the month.
	409
	410
	411	)))\|(((
	412	If on the 1st day of the month at 00:00:00 ti2=200 minutes, then the ticker during this month will be 200 minutes.
	413
	414
	415	)))
	416
101.2	417	Permissible variable designations in formulas are given in Table 2.3.
101.1	418
101.2	419	Table 2.3 – Designation of variables in formulas.
101.1	420
101.2	421	\|Variable\|Description
	422	\|[val]\|Current value of the telemeter from BDRV
	423	\|[x1], [x2], ...\|The binding of these variables is determined when describing the calculated parameters in the "Parameters" column.
	424	\|(((
	425	[tiN],
101.1	426
101.2	427	where N is the serial number of the TI
	428	)))\|The meaning of telemetering from the BDRV
	429	\|(((
	430	[devstatusN],
	431
	432	where N is the device number (ID)
	433	)))\|Device status (0 – disabled in the configuration; 1 – normal; 2 – at least one TUE has abnormal quality (out of bounds or error in the formula); 3 – device polling error (device is not available); 4 – manual input is present in the tags or channels of the device, 9 – no status).
	434	\|(((
	435	[devprevstatusN] or [prevdevstatusN]
	436
	437	where N is the device number (ID)
	438	)))\|Previous device status (0 – disabled in the configuration; 1 – normal; 2 – at least one TUE has abnormal quality (out of bounds or error in the formula); 3 – device polling error (device not available); 4 – manual input is present in the tags or channels of the device, 9 – no status).
	439	\|(((
	440	[prevN],
	441
	442	where N is the serial number of the TI
	443	)))\|Previous Value of Telemeter from BDRV
	444
113.2	445	==== 2.3.4. Configuring calculation channels ====
101.2	446
113.2	447	CENTO has the ability to create calculated accounting channels. A calculated channel can be created either based on the values of other channels or on the basis of tag values. In order to create a calculation channel, you need to go to the link "Settings" - "Devices, tags, channels" - "Calculation channels" (see Fig. 2.15).
	448
	449	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 21.58.58.png]]
	450
	451	Fig.2.15 – List of calculation channels
	452
	453	On the "Billing channels" tab, when you select one or more devices, all billing channels for metering these devices are displayed in a tabular form. In this table, you can perform the following operations for each parameter separately:
	454
	455	* Create a channel by pressing a button [[image:1762754384286-528.png\|\|height="24" width="121"]] and [[image:1762754384287-151.png\|\|height="26" width="114"]] in the upper right corner of the screen.
	456	* Go to the channel editing window by left-clicking on the tag name or tag ID.
	457	* View channel values and go to the graph page of the required parameter by clicking the left mouse button on the value.
	458	* enabling and disabling channel polling by switches in the "Status" column.
	459	* viewing the status of the settlement channel.
	460	* viewing the time of the last update of the tag (channel) poll – the date and time (in the format "yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss") of the last successful receipt of the tag (channel) value (the tag or channel value itself may not have changed).
	461	* copying and deleting channels by pressing buttons [[image:1762754384287-453.png\|\|height="21" width="21"]] and [[image:1762754384287-190.png\|\|height="22" width="22"]] respectively
	462	* preliminary check of the formula [[image:1762754384287-268.png\|\|height="27" width="26"]]
	463	* filter by category
	464	* filter by formula
	465	* filter by device.
	466
	467	More detailed use of calculation channels is described in the "Guide to setting up accounting channels".
	468
	469	== 3. CONFIGURING CENTO VIA EXCEL ==
	470
	471	The CENTO software provides the ability to configure the system via Excel files. The interface of this functionality is located on the Downloading/Uploading Configuration Files page (Menu item "Settings" – "Configuration Files"). (see Fig. 3.1).
	472
	473	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.02.21.png]]
	474
	475	Fig. 3.1– Download/Upload Configuration Files Page
	476
	477	With the help of Excel files, you can configure:
	478
	479	1. Devices (also device tree and device types);
	480	1. Tags and channels;
	481	1. Events;
	482	1. Information model (classes, elements, reference books);
	483	1. Telecontrol Lock Conditions;
	484	1. Accounting Channels.
	485	1. Tabular data directories.
	486	1. Alarm event recorders.
	487
	488	A .xlsx file with strictly defined tabs and columns is uploaded from this page with a single button. File correction is possible both through Excel and through other programs that work with the .xlsx table format, for example, LibreOffice. With another button, these files are uploaded to the server. After downloading, you need to apply the changes made by clicking the "Update configuration" button in the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the page, as in Fig.3.2.
	489
	490	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.03.16.png\|\|height="248" width="232"]]
	491
	492	Fig. 3.2– Update Configuration Button
	493
	494	In addition to the web interface, power facilities and device types can be edited through the "Devices" table. On the first tab "List of objects" there is a table as in Figure 3.3
	495
	496	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.04.17.png\|\|height="194" width="384"]]
	497
	498	Fig. 3.3 – Table "List of objects"
	499
	500	The Object ID column contains unique numbers of the enterprise's power facilities. Their names are displayed in the "Object name" column. The "Parent Object ID" column determines where the power object will be located in the object tree, and if the cell is empty, then the object will lie at the root of the tree. Thus, the table shown in Figure 3.3 corresponds to the tree shown in Figure 3.4.
	501
	502	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.05.26.png\|\|height="300" width="238"]]
	503
	504	Fig. 3.4 – Tree of power facilities
	505
	506	The "Sorting" field determines where objects belonging to the same "parent" will be located relative to each other.
	507
	508	Adding new power facilities is carried out taking into account the ID of existing objects in the table. Object IDs must not be repeated.
	509
	510	The Device Types tab displays the device types available on the server (see Figure 3.5).
	511
	512	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.06.17.png\|\|height="286" width="268"]]
	513
	514	Fig. 3.5 – Table "Device Types"
	515
	516	The ID column of the device type displays the unique number of the device type, and the name column displays its name. To add new types, you must follow the numbering.
	517
	518	Editing other tabs in the Devices table and the Tags and Channels file is described in the setup guides for specific protocols and device types.
	519
	520	Setting up Events files is described in the Event System Configuration Guide.
	521
	522	The "Information Model Classes", "Information Model Elements" and "Information Model References" files are configured according to the "Information Model Setup Guide".
	523
	524	The rules for filling in the file "Telecontrol lock conditions" can be found in the "Remote Control Lock Settings Guide".
	525
	526	Working with accounting channels is described in the "Guide to setting up accounting channels".
	527
	528	The "Logger Settings" file is configured according to the "Alarm Event Recorder Configuration Guide".
	529
	530	"Tabular data references" are used in the mode calculation module, so their settings are specified in the "Mode Calculation Module Setup and Operation Manual".
	531
	532	== 4. EVENTS ==
	533
	534	"Events" in CENTO are designed to increase the observability of the system by tracking changes in the state of process equipment, recording changes in the event log and alerting users.
	535
	536	Events help personnel to respond in a timely manner to changes in the technological process and system operation.
	537
	538	* Event settings are located in the "Event Editor" menu item (see Fig. 4.1). Events that are configured on this page are included in the archive log of technological events, as well as in the operational log. For a more detailed description of the Event Editor page and how to configure technology events, see the Event System Setup Guide.
	539
114.2	540	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.07.47.png\|\|height="376" width="319"]]
	541
	542	Fig. 4.1 – Event Menu
	543
	544	* In the CENTO software, it is possible to notify users about the occurrence of events by e-mail in the "Notifications" menu item, the description and configuration of this functionality are described in the "Event System Configuration Guide".
	545	* In the "Sound Editor" menu, it is possible to upload files for sound notification of the occurrence of an event, the setting is also indicated in the "Event System Setup Guide".
	546
	547	== 5. MNEMONICS ==
	548
119.2	549	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.13.04.png\|\|height="403" width="658"]]
115.2	550
	551	Fig. 5.1 – Mnemonics
	552
	553	All mnemonic diagrams are developed in the built-in editor, which is located in the menu item "Mnemonics Diagrams" ("Settings" - "Mimic Diagrams" (see Fig. 5.1)). Available for viewing by the User are located in the tree of active mnemonic diagrams by clicking on the main menu of the CENTO software under the item [[image:1762755230293-190.png\|\|height="21" width="120"]]
	554
	555	Mimic diagrams display data from the polled devices, their tags and channels, in various forms of display (graphs, tables, reference information, animations of graphic elements, etc.).
	556
	557	More detailed use of mnemonic diagrams, their creation and configuration are described in the "Guide to the development of mnemonic diagrams".
	558
116.2	559	== 6. INFORMATION MODEL ==
115.2	560
	561	An information model is a tool for describing the object of automation (physical objects, equipment, processes, etc.). The information model allows you to reflect the structure and consolidate information on each created object in the form of attributes (measurements, reference values, regulatory documentation, etc.). The information model is widely used in CENTO: to simplify the configuration of large systems, to implement various functions, to differentiate rights by objects.
	562
	563	The IM can be configured in the web editor "Information Model Editor" (see Fig. 6.1).
116.2	564
119.2	565	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.15.02.png\|\|height="397" width="1060"]]
116.2	566
	567	Fig. 6.1 – Information Model Editor Page
	568
117.2	569	With the help of this editor, directories, classes, and objects of the Information Model are created.
116.2	570
	571	For a detailed description of how to set up an information model, see the Information Model Setup Guide.
	572
117.2	573	== 7. SYSTEM SETTINGS ==
	574
	575	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.16.25.png]]
	576
	577	Fig.7.1 – Menu "System"
	578
118.2	579	The CENTO software administrator has access to settings from the "System" menu item, as shown in Figure 7.1.
117.2	580
118.2	581	1. Menu Editor – allows you to configure the CENTO main menu (see the "Administration Guide. Menu Editing").
	582	1. User rights - configure access to various sections and interfaces of CENTO (see "Guide to setting up access rights").
	583	1. System information – contains information about active modules, the number of tags/channels used, as well as the services installed on the server.
	584	1. Mail servers are used to receive and send information through mail servers (event-based notifications, xml layouts). Fig.7.2 shows an example of configured outgoing and incoming mail servers.
117.2	585
118.2	586	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.17.36.png]]
	587
119.2	588	Fig.7.2 – Setting up mail servers
118.2	589
120.2	590	To create a server, click [[image:1762755556265-323.png\|\|height="24" width="85"]] in the upper right part of the interface. After that, a page for creating a mail server will open, see Fig.7.3.
119.2	591
120.2	592	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.19.52.png\|\|height="378" width="512"]]
119.2	593
120.2	594	Fig.7.3 – Creating a mail server
119.2	595
120.3	596	* "Name" - the name of the mail server is written
	597	* "Status" - enable/disable
	598	* "Protocol" - if you select SMTP, an outgoing mail server will be created, and for POP3 and IMAP protocols, an incoming mail server will be created
	599	* "Sender's address" - the sender's e-mail address
	600	* "Server" - the address of the server
	601	* "Port" - connection port
	602	* "User Name" means the user's name
	603	* "Password" - the password of the mail
	604	* "Use SSl/TLS" - enable/disable communication encryption
120.2	605	* "Use authentication" - depends on the settings of the mail server, enabled if the type of authorization with authentication is configured.
	606
121.2	607	5. System Settings – allows you to configure:
120.2	608
120.3	609	* depth of storage of tag values/flexible reports/system log/technological log (see Fig. 7.4), after the expiration of the depth period, the data will be deleted from the database:
120.2	610
122.2	611	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.22.12.png\|\|height="242" width="632"]]
120.2	612
121.2	613	Fig.7.4 – Setting the storage depth
120.3	614
122.2	615	* change the language of the system (see Fig.7.5) After changing the language, the language in the CENTO interfaces will be changed (except for the information entered by the user himself when configuring the system, for example: names of devices, tags, symbols on mnemonic circuits, etc.)
	616
126.2	617	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.23.20.png\|\|height="214" width="972"]]
122.2	618
	619	Fig.7.5 – Selection of the system language
	620
123.2	621	* server redundancy and backup of configuration/live data of tags and accounting channels/logs/reports (see "Backup Guide");
	622	* To change the row height for all tables in the CENTO interfaces, see Figure 7.6:
	623
126.2	624	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.24.28.png\|\|height="217" width="974"]]
123.2	625
	626	Fig.7.6 – Adjusting rows in interface tables
	627
	628	* Changing the start page of the system.
	629
	630	To apply the changes, you need to refresh the browser page.
	631
124.2	632	== 8. TRANSFER KITS ==
	633
	634	A number of methods are provided for the transfer of information (tags, channels) from CENTO to third-party systems:
	635
	636	* Transmission via IEC-60870-5-104 protocol (tags);
	637	* Transmission via MODBUS TCP (tags);
	638	* Transfer to third-party MS SQL or MySQL databases (channels);
	639	* Transmission of electricity metering data in the form of XML files (channels);
	640	* Transmission via the OPC UA protocol (tags, channels);
	641	* Transfer via API (tags, channels, device trees, objects, information model attributes, etc.)
	642
	643	Data transfer via the OPC UA protocol and API does not require additional settings and is available after the installation of the appropriate modules in the system.
	644
	645	Data transfer by other methods is carried out through the so-called Transmission Sets. Setting up Sets for transfer is located in the "Set Editor" (see Fig. 9.1) and the procedure for working with this interface is described in more detail in the "Guide to setting up sets for transmission".
	646
126.2	647	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.26.20.png\|\|height="174" width="990"]]
124.2	648
125.1	649	Fig.9.1 – Set Editor
	650
	651	== 9. LIGHTING CONTROL ==
	652
127.2	653	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.28.49.png\|\|height="174" width="695"]]
	654
	655	Fig.10.1 – Lighting control
	656
	657	The "Lighting Control" page (see Fig. 10.1) ("Settings" - "Lighting Control") is used to enable/disable lighting objects from the "Lighting Control Module" schedule. The operation of this module is described in the "Lighting Control Module Setup Guide".
	658
	659	== 10. TOOLING ==
	660
	661	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.29.51.png\|\|height="354" width="291"]]
133.2	662
	663	Fig.11.1 – Tools menu
	664
	665	The CENTO software administrator has access to settings from the "Tools" menu item, as shown in Figure 11.1:
	666
149.2	667	~1. Monitoring – allows you to view the list of installed services in a tabular form (see Fig.11.2), there are filters in the Name and Status columns [[image:1762756224414-911.png]] , and sorting buttons in others [[image:1762756224415-121.png]] . Also, data on services can be viewed in a graphical representation on the tab [[image:1762756224415-521.png]] (see Fig.11.3). Data can be downloaded by clicking a button [[image:1762756224415-118.png\|\|height="24" width="97"]] to a .xlsx file (see Fig.11.4), for a certain period of time selected in the calendar [[image:1762756224415-292.png\|\|height="24" width="254"]]
133.2	668
149.2	669	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.31.16.png]]
	670
	671	Fig.11.2 – List of services in tabular form
	672
	673	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.32.04.png]]
	674
	675	Fig.11.3 – Service schedules
	676
	677	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.32.34.png\|\|height="401" width="348"]]
	678
	679	Fig.11.4 – Metrics in excel
	680
	681	In addition to information about the operation of services, in this interface you can view data on Users who use CENTO Software (see Fig. 11.5).
	682
	683	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.33.14.png]]
	684
	685	Fig.11.5 – Users in CENTO software interfaces
	686
	687	This page displays information about Users who have used the CENTO software interfaces with the ability to search [[image:1762756421096-660.png]] by and sort [[image:1762756421096-718.png]] :
	688
	689	* User name – displays the name of the user logged in;
	690	* Login – the authorization login is displayed;
	691	* Role – the roles assigned to the user are displayed;
	692	* IP address - network address of the user's workplace;
	693	* Connection time – the connection time is displayed in the format "yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss";
	694	* Disconnection time - displays the time of disconnection of the user from the system in the format "yy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss";
	695	* Actions – contains a button [[image:1762756421096-315.png]] – "end all user sessions";
	696	* The Log button opens the System Events log with a filter of user connections and disconnections.
	697
	698	2. Server Reservation – This item displays information about server reservations, the interface is described in the "Backup Guide".
	699
	700	3. Applications —Provides access to additional applications that can be used on the system. This is currently the "CENTO Client" (see Figure 11.6)
	701
	702	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.34.57.png\|\|height="254" width="627"]]
	703
	704	Fig.11.6 – Appendices
	705
	706	The application is installed on the user's workplace. Allows you to work with CENTO without using a browser. After downloading the application for a certain type of operating system, it is necessary to run the file and enter the IP address of the server, after which the User gets to the authorization page, as without using this application.
	707
	708	== 11. OTHER SETTINGS IN INTERFACES ==
	709
	710	=== 11.1. Analysis of real-time data ===
	711
	712	On the page "Analysis of operational data" ("Analysis" - "Operational data") there is a tab "Time" (Fig. 12.1), which is designed for time control on devices capable of transmitting their internal time to CENTO. In order for such devices to appear in the interface, time is collected from them into a tag with a name, for example, "Device time" in a string in the format YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS. Next [[image:1762756612986-850.png\|\|height="24" width="25"]] , the system will find all tags with this name and compare the time specified in them with the time of the last polling of the device. The difference will be displayed in the right column and will give the User an understanding of how many seconds the time of the device differs from the server time.
	713
	714	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.37.36.png\|\|height="352" width="806"]]
	715
	716	Fig. 12.1 – Analysis of live data, "Time" tab
	717
	718	=== 11.2. Analysis of metering data ===
	719
	720	On the page "Analysis of Metering data" ("Analysis" - "Metering Data"), in the Devices and Objects trees, it is possible to remove the tree levels (see Fig. 12.2) to display the path of the linked device in the table header (see Fig. 12.3) in the configuration window called by the button [[image:1762756705490-371.png\|\|height="30" width="31"]] that is available to the User with the Administrator role. These settings are applied to all users.
	721
	722	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.38.55.png\|\|height="81" width="181"]]
	723
	724	Fig. 12.2 – Setting the Display of Tree Levels
	725
	726	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.39.58.png\|\|height="279" width="809"]]
	727
	728	Fig. 12.3 – Display Tree Levels According to Setting
	729
	730	=== 11.3. Logs ===
	731
	732	In any event log ("Logs" - "Technological Events" - "Video Cameras" - "Oscillograms" - "Power Quality" - "Device Events" - System Events - "All Events") it is possible for the User with the Administrator role to change the width of columns by hovering over their borders and dragging them left/right. This appearance display will apply to all Users.
	733
	734	[[image:1762756832283-936.png]] - Log display configuration button (down left corner). By default, it is present only in the User interface with Administrator rights. Clicking this button opens a pop-up window (Fig. 12.4), in which the User sets the height of the rows in the log, the method of displaying the paths to the device and the IM object: chooses how many levels to display starting from the device or hide starting from the root of the tree, the same choice with the tree of objects of the information model. Selects the alignment in the columns (centered, left, or right). It also edits the display/hiding of columns and their placement relative to each other by dragging and dropping the icon [[image:1762756832283-360.png]]
	735
	736	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.41.27.png\|\|height="613" width="429"]]
	737
	738	Fig. 12.4 – Configure Log Display
	739
	740	== BASIC CONCEPTS AND ABBREVIATIONS ==
	741
	742	DB – database;
	743
	744	Real-Time Database
	745
	746	Software – software;
	747
	748
151.1	749	[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-09 at 22.45.17.png]]