1. User Manual

Users, including the administrator, log in to CENTO through a web interface. The software supports web browsers such as Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, etc.

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To launch the CENTO software web interface, enter the IP address or DNS address of the server on which CENTO software is installed in the address bar of your web browser, for example, [[http:~~/~~/192.168.80.10>>url:http://192.168.80.10/]] or [[https:~~/~~/demo.centosoftware.com/.>>url:https://demo.centosoftware.com/]] When working with the system directly on the server where the CENTO software is installed, enter **http:~/~/127.0.0.1** in the web browser's address bar.

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After entering the address, the user is redirected to the authorization page, which includes fields for username and password input (see Fig. 1.1).

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[[image:1762985411819-434.png||height="177" width="218"]]

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Figure 1.1. Authorization page

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To log in to the system, enter a username and password in the appropriate fields and click **Login** to confirm. If the username and/or password are incorrect, a message appears: //User with the entered parameters not found!// In this case, verify the entered data or contact the system administrator.

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If the login is successful, the web browser displays the CENTO software web interface panel (see Fig. 2.1).

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.11.04.png]]

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Figure 1.2. Main panel

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If necessary, the system administrator can set any other CENTO interface page as the start page for each user role.

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The CENTO software provides flexible user access rights configured by the system administrator. By default, all users have permission to view CENTO pages but are restricted from modifying system settings.

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To log in as a different user, move the mouse pointer to the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the interface and select **Logout** from the list (see Fig. 1.3).

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[[image:1762985502322-231.png||height="193" width="222"]]

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Figure 1.3. System logout

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As a result, the user is redirected back to the authorization page (see Fig. 1.1).

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When properly configured, functions (pages) that are inaccessible to the user do not appear in the menu and cannot be accessed. However, if the user manually enters a direct link to a restricted page in the browser address bar, a message indicating that access is denied will appear (see Fig. 1.4).

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.12.33.png]]

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Figure 1.4. Access is denied

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== 2. USER INTERFACE ==

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=== 2.1. Main menu ===

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The upper part of the user interface has a pinned main menu (see Fig. 2.1), which is used to switch between different pages and sections of the CENTO software web interface, as well as a status bar that displays current events and system time. Below is the working area of the CENTO software web interface, which is different for each software section.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.13.54.png]]

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Figure 2.1. Main menu (left side)

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The Main menu provides the following main functional sections of CENTO software:

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.14.29.png||height="59" width="144"]]

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Switching to the start page (can be different for each role)

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.14.58.png]]

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Selecting a diagram to be displayed

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.15.28.png||height="46" width="146"]]

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Real-time data, metering data, receipt of metering data presented in tabular form and as interactive charts

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.16.03.png||height="64" width="146"]]

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Event logs for both the system as a whole and its individual components

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.16.41.png||height="44" width="143"]]

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Reports on data entry into the system (Flexible reports. Power quality reports. Short-circuit currents)

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.17.09.png||height="42" width="141"]]

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Detailed configuration of CENTO software. Administration and system setup

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The upper right side of the screen has a part of the menu that controls notifications and authorization (see Fig. 2.2).

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.18.28.png]]

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Figure 2.2. Main menu (right part)

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.18.55.png]]

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Button to enable/disable the operative events log, which also shows the number of currently acknowledged events

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.19.38.png]]

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Button to enable/disable widgets

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.20.04.png||height="70" width="75"]]

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Button to enable/disable sound notifications

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.20.29.png||height="75" width="74"]]

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Button to enable/disable pop-up messages

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.20.56.png]]

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The interface automatically scales to fit the size of the browser window. Additionally, full-screen mode can be activated by selecting **Full screen** from the drop-down menu in the upper right corner of the interface (see Fig. 2.3). Full-screen mode can also be toggled by pressing the F11 key on the keyboard.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.21.24.png||height="252" width="278"]]

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Figure 2.3. Drop-down menu

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=== 2.2. Diagrams ===

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This main menu item contains a list of diagrams for displaying information being processed by CENTO software. Developing diagrams for displaying information in CENTO software is described in the “Diagrams Development Manual”. Fig. 2.4. - 2.7. show examples of diagrams.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.22.33.png]]

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.22.56.png]]

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Figure 2.4. Power industry

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.23.28.png]]

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.24.08.png||height="416" width="886"]]

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Figure 2.5. Engineering infrastructure

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.24.37.png||height="540" width="886"]]

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Figure 2.6. Diagnostics

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.25.05.png||height="576" width="884"]]

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Figure 2.7. Technology

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The upper right corner of the diagram viewer window has navigation and control buttons.

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The scale of the diagrams is adjusted by scrolling the mouse wheel, or by clicking the buttons in the upper right corner of the viewing area **Zoom in **[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.40.25.png||height="23" width="23"]]or **Zoom out **[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.41.03.png]]

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The **Scale **button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.41.36.png]] is used to adjust the size of the diagram within the screen automatically.

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The displayed diagrams can be printed or exported to separate files with a .png extension and saved on a local computer. Please note, such files are immutable and serve to display data for a certain period. To do this, click the **Export** button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.42.57.png]] in the right side of the screen.

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The icon [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.43.30.png]] means that a diagram has hidden objects, which can be seen by clicking this icon. Usually, these clarifying data are hidden by default to avoid cluttering the diagram.

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The **Set grounding** icon [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.44.11.png]]is created by the installer on electrical diagrams if installing the portable grounding is needed. To use it, click on the icon, the mouse pointer turns into a grounding symbol. Left-click in the place where grounding is to be installed, then fill in the **Portable grounding **pop-up window (see Fig. 2.8).

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.44.51.png||height="223" width="398"]]

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Figure 2.8. Portable grounding

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The **Dispatch marks **icon allows opening the dispatch marks log (see Fig. 2.9), which displays a list of all objects with dispatcher tags assigned to them. The tree on the left side of the screen allows selecting an object, and its tags are displayed on the right side of the screen.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.45.40.png||height="307" width="1227"]]

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Figure 2.9. Dispatch marks log

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In the same interface, assigned tags can be removed using the **Remove** button. It is also possible to download the list of changes in Excel format.

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The **Playback mode** icon [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.46.23.png]] enables the diagram history viewing mode. After clicking on this icon, the playback interface appears on the bottom of the screen (see Fig. 2.10). Here the user can select the time in the calendar and click on the **Play** button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.48.13.png]]. As a result, the diagram displays dynamic state of all objects in the time selected by the user.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.48.41.png||height="84" width="716"]]

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Figure 2.10. Diagrams player interface

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If the user has the right to edit diagrams, the** Edit** button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.49.15.png]] is displayed on the right in the viewing area. When clicked, the displayed diagram opens with the built-in diagram editor menu. Switching between diagrams is done in the **Active schemes **tree displayed in the left part of the screen when the button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.49.46.png]] is pressed (see Fig. 2.11).

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In the **Active schemes **menu, the user can use the minimize tree button[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.50.36.png||height="31" width="31"]] as well [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.51.33.png]] as the tree display settings button to choose whether to display objects according to the settings of the diagram positions (this function is only available if the user has administrator rights).

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The icon [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.52.20.png]] pins the active diagram window, allowing the user to switch between diagrams without reopening the list each time.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.55.03.png||height="512" width="1232"]]

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Figure 2.11. Diagram viewing window with the diagram tree enabled

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The diagram developer provides properties of objects on a diagram available to the user. These properties are available both by a left mouse click (see Fig. 2.12) and a right mouse click.

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Left-clicking opens a brief passport of the object containing all its attributes. Depending on the settings, it can be data from several devices linked to the information model (see “Information Model. Setup Manual” for details), or data from one device, or data from one tag, as well as a description of the resulting values. Clicking on a value will take the user to the real-time data analysis to view the chart of the value.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.56.11.png]]

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Figure 2.12. Object menu available with left click

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Right-clicking on an object opens a context menu with the following available items.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.57.12.png]]

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Figure 2.13. Object context menu is accessible with a right click

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**Measurements **mean a full passport of the object (see Fig. 2.14). It contains a set of values similar to the short passport but in an extended form. In addition to the names of the tags and their values, this passport shows the id/codes of the tags, their statuses, the devices from which the tags are collected and the path in the device tree. Time of last tag modification (time when its value was changed) and time of last tag update (time of last successful retrieval of the tag value, the tag value itself may not have changed). The **Manual entry **column allows entering manually a value into the tag. If the tag has a description, the user can choose which value to select from the drop-down list.

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The **Setpoints** button in the top right corner of the window opens the user interface for setting the setpoints presented in the tag passport. Here the user can modify these settings, add new ones or delete old ones.

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The passport header shows the path to the object in the Information Model (IM) tree. The second line shows the object class name and object ID in the IM.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 14.59.21.png||height="294" width="794"]]

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Figure 2.14. Object passport in the Measurements menu

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**Video **is a menu item that, when clicked, opens the view of the video stream from the video surveillance camera (Fig. 2.15). The user can drag the video camera window on the diagram, resize it, open it in a separate window, as well as go to the general log of the object by left-clicking the icon [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 15.00.15.png]]

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 15.00.44.png]]

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Figure 2.15. Viewing video stream

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**Telecontrol **is discussed in detail in the next paragraph of this manual.

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**Dispatch marks **is a menu item that opens the window for adding dispatch marks. There are four types of marks: info, grounded, ban operation, and admission work. The user with appropriate rights can add, modify, and delete marks. Added marks are displayed as corresponding icons next to the object in the diagram and can be also used to block telecontrol of the object.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 15.03.53.png]]

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Figure 2.16. Dispatch marks interface

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**Reference information **is a menu item that opens the help information window (Fig. 2.17). Help can store various object data, contacts of the service personnel, equipment characteristics, links to documents, and orders. With the appropriate rights, the information in the help can be modified directly in the diagram.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 15.04.36.png||height="198" width="429"]]

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Figure 2.17. Reference information

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**Operative events journal** is a menu item that opens the event log for a specific object. This log is like the **Real-time data** log (see paragraph 2.6 of this manual), except that it displays the last 100 events of an object selected by a user rather than the whole enterprise. The button[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 18.35.41.png]] clicked opens the general log with events already filtered by object (see paragraph 2.4 of this manual) to see the whole history. Other display settings are like those of the **Operative events journal.**

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 18.36.19.png]]

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Figure 2.18. Object log

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==== 2.2.1. Control ====

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Users with the appropriate permissions can control objects in CENTO. By default, the system grants this permission to users assigned the Dispatcher role.

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Control is available in the **Devices, channels, and tags editor** (used during the system configuration stage and described in the “Control Setup Manual”), as well as using the diagrams.

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On the diagram, when right-clicking a control object, a modal window appears. Depending on the settings and types of control objects, this window includes either a //Telecontrol //option (typically for objects with the On/Off control type, see Fig. 2.19) or an option named according to the control type (for objects that support numeric control commands, see Fig. 2.20).

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 18.42.00.png]]

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Figure 2.19. Telecontrol

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 18.42.35.png]]

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Figure 2.20. Control schedule

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 18.43.07.png||height="206" width="349"]]

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Figure 2.21. Entering the password on the diagram

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When the correct password is entered, depending on the control type and settings, one of the following may appear:

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- a window with a field for entering values (see Fig. 2.22)

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 18.44.40.png||height="162" width="319"]]

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Figure 2.22. Window with a field for entering the value

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- a window with a field for selecting a named command (if command names corresponding to numeric values were preconfigured for this control type, see Fig. 2.23)

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 18.45.29.png]]

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Figure 2.23. Window with the field for selecting the named command (1)

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 18.45.56.png]]

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Figure 2.24. Window with the field for selecting the named command (2)

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- a window prompting the selection of a telecontrol command (for telecontrol commands, see Fig. 2.25)

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 18.46.48.png||height="205" width="323"]]

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Figure 2.25. Window with the selection of the TC command

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After entering a value in the field or selecting a named command, click **OK** (see Fig. 2.22, Fig. 2.24).

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Then, click **Execute** to confirm the entered value. After that, the control command is executed and recorded to the object. Alternatively, the operation can be canceled by selecting **Cancel** (see Fig. 2.26).

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 18.47.59.png||height="164" width="317"]]

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Figure 2.26. Action confirmation

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For telecontrol commands, confirmation using the **Execute** button occurs immediately after selecting a command //On// or //Off //(see Fig. 2.27).

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 18.48.39.png||height="247" width="316"]]

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Figure 2.27. Action confirmation

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If the user does not complete the required actions to send the command before the control session times out (60 seconds by default), the system returns to the password confirmation window (see Fig. 2.21).

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=== 2.3. Analysis ===

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This menu allows displaying information being processed by CENTO software in tabular form, with the ability to systematize and plot charts.

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==== 2.3.1. Real-time data analysis ====

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The left part of the **Real-time data analysis **window contains trees for devices, objects, statuses, and time, located on the corresponding tabs (see Fig. 2.28).

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 18.50.56.png||height="565" width="1173"]]

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Figure 2.28. Real-time data analysis

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===== 2.3.1.1. Devices, objects. =====

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The device tree displays the structure of devices configured in CENTO software and the tags linked to them (see Fig. 2.29). The devices contain all the information sources from which CENTO receives data. The statuses of devices and tags are displayed to the left of the device names in the form of icons.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 18.52.31.png||height="535" width="1185"]]

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Figure 2.29. Device tree

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The object tree shows the structure of the objects configured in the CENTO information model and the tags bound to them (see Fig. 2.30).

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 18.53.16.png]]

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Figure 2.30. Object tree

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Depending on the access rights assigned, the user can have access to both tabs (Devices, Objects), to one of them, access only to a part of objects, or access to both tabs can be denied (tabs are hidden in the interface).

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Each device and each tag has a status. Statuses are diagnostic representations of device and tag conditions. Each status has its own graphical representation and its own code (number).

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Tables 2.1 and 2.2 show the statuses of the device and tags.

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Table 2.1. Device statuses

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(% style="width:705px" %)

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|(% style="width:124px" %)Status Nr|(% style="width:118px" %)(((

Device

status

)))|(% style="width:459px" %)Decoding

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|(% style="width:124px" %)0|(% style="width:118px" %)[[image:1763003034315-413.png]]|(% style="width:459px" %)Disabled (device polling is disabled in CENTO software)

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|(% style="width:124px" %)1|(% style="width:118px" %)[[image:1763003034316-416.png]]|(% style="width:459px" %)Normal (device is online, tags are polled without errors)

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|(% style="width:124px" %)2|(% style="width:118px" %)(((

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[[image:1763003034316-762.png]]

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)))|(% style="width:459px" %)(((

392

Data in the device with errors (some tags come with errors or are

not polled)

)))

|(% style="width:124px" %)3|(% style="width:118px" %)(((

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[[image:1763003034316-558.png]]

398

)))|(% style="width:459px" %)(((

399

Device unavailable (device polling is enabled, but the device is

not responding)

)))

|(% style="width:124px" %)4|(% style="width:118px" %)(((

404

[[image:1763003034317-657.png]]

405

)))|(% style="width:459px" %)(((

406

Manual input data are present in the tags or channels for the

device

)))

|(% style="width:124px" %)9|(% style="width:118px" %)(((

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[[image:1763003034317-972.png]]

412

)))|(% style="width:459px" %)(((

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Status is not available (status has not been received yet or is

missing)

)))

Table 2.2. Tag statuses

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(% style="width:704px" %)

|(((

Status

)))|(((

Tag

status

)))|(% style="width:456px" %)Decoding

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|0|[[image:1763003092665-496.png]]|(% style="width:456px" %)Disabled (tag polling is disabled in CENTO software)

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|1|[[image:1763003092666-152.png]]|(% style="width:456px" %)Normal (tag is polled without errors)

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|2|[[image:1763003092666-164.png]]|(% style="width:456px" %)Processing error (tag value received with errors)

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|3|[[image:1763003092666-447.png]]|(% style="width:456px" %)Receiving error (tag value do not received)

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|4|[[image:1763003092666-800.png]]|(% style="width:456px" %)Manual input of tag value

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|5|[[image:1763003092667-675.png]]|(% style="width:456px" %)Manual input in the arguments of the pre-calculated tag

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|6|[[image:1763003092667-237.png]]|(% style="width:456px" %)Disabled device or protocol

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|8|(((

438

[[image:1763003092667-501.png]]

439

)))|(% style="width:456px" %)(((

440

Bad tag quality (tag received from device with bad quality or

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processing with a bad quality tag)

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)))

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|9|[[image:1763003092667-969.png]]|(% style="width:456px" %)Status is unknown (status has not been received yet or is missing)

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The right part of the screen (for both the Device and Object trees) has a window with three tabs: **Real-time data, Chart, Table.** The **Real-time data** tab is enabled by default. It contains a table of tags selected in the //Device tree,// or the //Object tree;// or a table of protocol and device statuses if the **Statuses **tab is opened.

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The **Tag** table (see Fig. 2.31) contains the following information:

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.06.00.png||height="162" width="1228"]]

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Figure 2.31. Tag table in the Real-time data analysis

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**ID/Code **is a tag identifier in the CENTO software configuration; ID is a mandatory unique parameter of the tag; code is an optional unique parameter of the tag. Clicking the button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.06.51.png||height="24" width="23"]] allows to search by ID or code. Clicking the ID or code allows you to change the displayed identifier.

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**Status **is an icon of the status (see the decoding in Table 2.2). It displays the time when the status value was last changed when the mouse pointer is moved.

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**Name **is a tag name. Click the button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.08.00.png||height="26" width="25"]] to search by tag name.

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**Value **is the last received tag value. It displays the time when the value was last changed when mouse pointer is moved.

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This field is used for manual input. To perform manual input, it is necessary to click the value with the left mouse button, enter a new value, and two icons [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.08.59.png||height="30" width="55"]]will appear in the right part of the field. Clicking on the first one performs the manual input until the value is received from a device. Clicking on the second one performs the manual input until cancelled by the user.

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**Object **is the name of the object to which the tag is attached. Click the button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.09.37.png||height="24" width="24"]] to search by object name.

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**Device **is the name of a device from which a tag comes. Click the button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.09.37.png||height="24" width="24"]] to search by device name.

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**Last update time **is the date and time (in the format "yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss") of the last successful tag value update (the tag value itself may not have changed).

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The **Chart** tab displays the values of the tags selected in the //Device Tree// or the //Object Tree //in graph form (see Fig. 2.32)

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.11.13.png]]

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Figure 2.32. Real-time data charts

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The functionality of the **Chart** tab allows aggregating data (see fig. 2.33). Different aggregation intervals are available, from 1 minute to 1 day. After selecting an interval, select the aggregation method from the following options: average, minimum, maximum, sum, or thinning.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.12.20.png||height="242" width="350"]]

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Figure 2.33. Data aggregation options

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The user can send charts from the page for printing using the button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.13.08.png||height="33" width="31"]]

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The **Refresh** button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.13.57.png||height="31" width="135"]]setting and the next refresh period window allow refreshing the data on the charts and set the period with which the data is automatically refreshed.

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The button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.14.57.png||height="28" width="28"]] opens the **Chart settings** menu (see Fig. 2.34). This menu allows selecting the chart type (columns or stepline) and its location (on one axis or on different axes). The user's choice of chart settings is remembered by the browser, and the next time the page is visited, the chart opens with the same settings.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.18.15.png||height="234" width="352"]]

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Figure 2.34. Chart settings menu

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The depth of the chart display is set by the calendar located in the upper right corner of the screen (see Fig. 2.35). The data display period can be customized manually by selecting the day, month, year, and start and end times of the interval, or automatically by clicking the buttons with the ready-made periods below the calendar.

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By default, the charts will open for a period of 20 minutes. To return to this interval, click on the reset time button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.19.12.png||height="35" width="30"]]on the right side of the calendar window.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.19.45.png||height="287" width="565"]]

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Figure 2.35. Calendar for selecting the depth of data display

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The grey bar to the left of the calendar contains the **Download** and **Share** buttons.

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The **Download **button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.20.39.png||height="22" width="87"]] allows the selected data to be downloaded to the user's computer. The download is available in XLS (Excel spreadsheet) and CSV (text format of tabular data representation) formats.

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A file with the extension '.xlsx' is downloaded in XLS format. A zip archive containing two files: data.csv and meta.csv is downloaded in CSV format. The data.csv file contains tag IDs, timestamps, tag values and statuses. The meta.csv file contains the paths of selected tags in the device or object tree, measurement units and tag IDs.

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The **Share** button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.21.39.png||height="25" width="74"]] allows you to save the interface settings (selected tags, their order, time, aggregation setting) to the clipboard to send them to another user.

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The chart functionality allows zooming in a selected portion of the selected interval by selecting it with the left mouse button on the chart. To return the chart display to the interval set in the calendar, click the button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.22.27.png||height="31" width="30"]]in the upper right corner of the chart.

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The user can add messages to the chart if they have the appropriate rights. To do this, place the mouse pointer on the chart, wait for the circle to appear, and click the left mouse button. A pop-up window will appear (see fig 2.36) where the user can enter a message, the type of event, and its severity level. After clicking **Save**, a label with the pop-up message appears on the chart. A new line containing the new event will appear in a separate log (paragraph 2.4.7).

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.23.18.png||height="271" width="523"]]

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Figure 2.36. User’s message on the chart

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The **Table** tab displays the same data as the chart but in tabular form (see Fig. 2.37).

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.24.15.png||height="611" width="1227"]]

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Figure 2.37. Table tab

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By default, the system remembers the last page on which the User was and opens it the next time when accessing the **Real-time data analysis** interface.

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At the bottom of the **Chart** and **Table** tabs, there are the navigation and chart display buttons.

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By default, the** Chart** displays 5 charts. Using the number of charts field [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.25.24.png||height="22" width="75"]] allows displaying a different number of charts, but no more than 15.

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The **Back** and **Forward** buttons [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.26.03.png||height="36" width="67"]] allow moving the selected chart interval backwards and forwards.

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If the User selects more charts than fit the screen, navigation is activated [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.26.58.png||height="29" width="159"]]. This allows the user to switch between the charts. The **Table** provides a similar function [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.27.50.png||height="27" width="80"]].

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The height of the lines on the **Real-time data, Table, **and **Time** tabs can be adjusted. It is set by the administrator for all users of the system at the same time. Please refer to the “CENTO Setup Manual” for a description of the settings.

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===== 2.3.1.2. Statuses =====

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The **Statuses** tab (see Fig. 2.38) contains charts of the states of devices and their protocols. The tree structure repeats the structure of the **Devices **tab. The numbers next to the objects indicate How many devices in the branch are polled and have a good status (in green) / How many devices are polled but have a bad status (in red) / How many devices are disabled in the CENTO configuration (in gray).

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.46.17.png||height="243" width="328"]]

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Figure 2.38. Real-time data analysis in the Statuses tab tree

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===== 2.3.1.3. Time =====

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The **Time** tab (see Fig. 2.39) is designed to monitor the time on devices capable of transmitting their internal time to CENTO. For such devices to appear in the interface, the time should be collected into a tag named, for example, //Device time//, using a string in the format YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS. On the **Time** tab, the name //Device time// is entered by a user with Administrator rights in the settings window, which is opened by clicking the button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.47.29.png||height="27" width="26"]].

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.47.58.png]]

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Fig. 2.39 - Real-time data analysis: Time tab.

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==== 2.3.2. Metering data analysis ====

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CENTO has tools for working with metering data (electricity, energy resources, operating hours, emissions, etc.). Data is presented to the user in both tabular and graphical formats. Users can choose the chart display style, the period for which data should be shown, aggregate data, and generate reports and data tables in Excel format.

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To view historical metering data, select **Metering data** from the **Analysis **drop-down menu. This opens the **Analysis of data metering** page (see Fig. 2.40 - Fig. 2.41).

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.49.59.png]]

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Figure 2.40. Analysis of the data metering page

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 19.51.05.png]]

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Figure 2.41. Analysis of the data metering page

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The top section of the left side of the screen displays the **Devices** and **Objects** tabs.

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Depending on configured access rights, the user may have access to both tabs (**Devices** and **Objects**), to only one of them, to specific devices or objects only, or access to both tabs may be completely restricted, the tabs are hidden from the interface.

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The **Devices** tab mirrors the structure of the main device tree, with an exception - it displays only those devices that collect metering data.

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The **Objects** tab appears when the object tree is configured in the information model containing metering points and calculated channels. Using the information model allows metering points to be associated with various categories and types of consumers, production units, etc. The use of the **Objects** tab is described in more detail in the “Balances Setup Manual”.

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In all other respects, working with the //Devices tree //and the //Objects tree// is identical. To view metering data, locate it in the tree and check the corresponding box. After that, all channels will be displayed in the right-hand panel of the interface. Search either by browsing the tree or using the search bar available. The button [[image:1763008022531-642.png]] resets all search results and collapses the tree to its original state.

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The charts displayed in the right-hand panel can be aggregated using the aggregation drop-down menu (see Fig. 2.42). Several intervals are available, from one hour to one year. After selecting an interval, a window appears to select an aggregation function: sum, average, minimum, or maximum. It is important to note that the aggregation function is applied only to interval values.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.27.30.png]]

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Figure 2.42. Aggregation of metering data

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The chart refresh buttons [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.28.05.png||height="23" width="95"]] allow requesting updated data and configuring automatic data refresh on the page. Clicking the button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.28.56.png||height="28" width="28"]] opens the chart settings window (see Fig. 2.43). Using this menu selects the chart type (bar or step), the chart layout (on one axis or on different axes), and enables vertical axis display starting from zero.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.29.30.png||height="231" width="244"]]

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Figure 2.43. Chart settings menu

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Below the chart are navigation buttons and display control fields. The left field [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.30.13.png||height="27" width="86"]] specifies how many charts to display per page. By default, this is 5; the maximum is 15. The **Back** and **Forward** buttons scroll through the days for which the chart is displayed. On the right side [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.31.16.png||height="23" width="65"]] , navigation allows switching between pages if all selected charts do not fit on a single page.

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The **Table** tab displays the same data shown in the charts but in tabular form. Additionally, if the user has the appropriate permissions, manual data entry is available. To enter data, hover the cursor over the desired cell in the table, left-click, and enter the new value. Then, a **Save value **appears on the right side of the input field. Click this icon or press **Enter** on the keyboard to save the value to the CENTO database. For devices that support only manual data entry, CENTO has a function to automatically fill in cells between two manually entered values. For example, if readings are entered for 10:00 and then for 20:00, the system automatically fills in all intermediate half-hour intervals, as well as the corresponding energy and power values.

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Manual entry of metering data is also available using Excel or another suitable editor, as described below.

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Above the chart area, on a gray bar, the **Download, Upload, Share** buttons, and a calendar are displayed.

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The calendar [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.32.25.png||height="29" width="159"]] allows selecting the time interval for which the chart will be displayed (see Fig. 2.44). Fixed intervals are also available to the left of the calendar field. The reset button restores the current date in the calendar.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.33.00.png||height="233" width="446"]]

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Figure 2.44. Calendar

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The **Share** button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.33.38.png||height="27" width="70"]] generates a link that can be sent to another user allowing them to open the same set of charts, dates, aggregations, and settings via that link.

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The **Download **[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.34.21.png||height="26" width="94"]] button allows downloading the selected metering channels to the user's computer in .xlsx format.

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The downloaded file can be used for manual entry of metering data. To perform manual entry, open the file in an editor (Excel or another suitable application). Then enter the new data into the fields, mark them in bold font, and save the file. Next, upload the saved file by clicking the **Upload** button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.35.04.png||height="28" width="73"]]in the CENTO interface. This opens the file upload window with instructions (see Fig. 2.45)

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.35.39.png||height="205" width="321"]]

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Figure 2.45. File upload

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Uploading metering data, either in general or for specific devices, depends on the user's configured access rights.

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==== 2.3.3. Receipt of metering data form ====

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When selecting the **Receipt of metering data **item from the **Analysis** menu, the **Analysis of the receipt of data **page opens (see Fig. 2.46).

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.37.28.png]]

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Figure 2.46. Analysis of the receipt of data

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Analysis of the receipt of data is a table containing a list of available devices with their ID numbers and codes, as well as the number of time intervals for which the server has received data from the metering devices relative to the total number of intervals (see Fig. 2.47).

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The left panel displays a device tree like the one in the **Analysis of data metering** interface. Each object shows the number of received and expected intervals. If the numbers match, both are displayed in the same color. If any intervals are missing, the first number is highlighted in red. Devices or objects can be located either through the tree or by using the search bar.

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To the right of the search bar, there are two icons. The **Reset **icon [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.38.26.png||height="29" width="26"]] clears the previous search results and collapses the tree. The **Filter** icon [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.38.55.png||height="28" width="25"]] enables filtering by collected channels. When the **Data gaps** checkbox is selected, only those devices with missing data will remain visible in the tree. This functionality simplifies the process of identifying devices with missing data for subsequent re-polling.

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In the right section of the interface, data receipt profiles for each device are generated based on the received intervals.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.39.44.png]]

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Figure 2.47. Pop-up tooltips on the data receipt chart

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The first column of the table contains either the device ID or code, which can be toggled between. Next, the device name (channels) is displayed.

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The third column shows the data availability profile. When hovering the mouse pointer over the upper breakpoints of the chart (see Fig. 2.44), a tooltip displays the time when the last interval before the gap was received (the first interval after the gap). The tooltip at the lower breakpoints shows the time of the first (or last) interval within the data receipt gap.

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The fourth column shows the ratio of received intervals to the number of expected intervals.

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Above the table, there are two buttons:** Interrogate** and **Refresh.**

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The **Interrogate **button sends a request to the polling service to retrieve the archive from the selected device for the specified interval. After pressing the button, a message appears on the screen indicating the number of devices being polled and the time interval. If a warning appears stating that the operation may take a long time (see Fig. 2.48), reduce the number of devices or shorten the polling depth.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.40.26.png]]

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Figure 2.48. Message displayed when the number of devices or polling depth exceeds the limit

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The **Refresh** button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.40.59.png||height="28" width="84"]] re-polls data from the database for the status.

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In addition to the **Refresh** and **Interrogate** buttons, a **Calculate** button may appear on the gray interface panel. This button appears when devices bound to calculated channels are selected in the tree. These calculated channels display similarly to regular ones, but their data is derived from other channels or tags. If a calculated channel is based on data from other channels, it can be recalculated using the **Calculate **button. This functionality is necessary when the source data or formula of such a channel has changed.

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At the very top of the interface on the gray panel, there is a calendar like the one in the **Analysis of data metering** section.

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The **Receipt of metering data** interface depends on the user’s configured access rights.

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==== 2.3.4. **Device diagnostic** ====

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If the user has the appropriate rights, device diagnostics is available in the **Analysis** menu by selecting the **Device diagnostic** from the drop-down list (see Fig. 2.49).

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.42.50.png]]

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Figure 2.49. Device diagnostics interface

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This interface is used to control the polling status of the devices on the object. The left part of the screen displays the device tree. Selecting the required object will display all its devices in the right field. Each object has a numerical description of the device status: Enabled devices (in green) / Disabled, with bad status (in red) / Disconnected devices (in gray).

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The user can use the button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.44.09.png||height="32" width="30"]] to reset the selection and to minimize the tree.

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The diagnostic field displays devices highlighted in three colors: red if the device does not respond or responds with errors (bad status), green if the status is good, and gray if the device is disconnected in the CENTO software.

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When hovering the mouse pointer over a device, a pop-up window appears with all the device protocols and their statuses (see Fig. 2.50)

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.45.11.png]]

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Figure 2.50. Hovering the mouse pointer over a device

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Three control buttons are displayed in the top right corner of the screen.

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The **Settings** button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.45.44.png||height="30" width="31"]] opens the window for customizing the diagnostics display (see Fig. 2.51). Here the user can change the width of the screen and the number of columns in which the device bars are placed.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.46.14.png||height="183" width="278"]]

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Figure 2.51. Settings menu

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The **Filter** button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.46.51.png||height="29" width="28"]] allows filtering the devices displayed in the scheme by status and type (Fig. 2.52).

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.47.19.png||height="203" width="280"]]

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Figure 2.52. Filters menu

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The **Scale** button [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.47.58.png||height="27" width="28"]] adjusts the scheme to the window size.

2.4. Logs.

This menu item contains a set of logs available depending on the license and access rights. The full list of standard logs includes Technology events, Camcoders, Waveforms, Power quality, Device events, System events, and All Events. Additionally, the user can add custom logs.

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Each log displays a list of events in a table indicating the date and time of each event, event description, associated object and device, as well as the event type and severity level (see Fig. 2.53)

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 20.59.56.png]]

Figure 2.53. Logs

Each event also receives a color code based on its importance level. The colors are configured by users with administrator rights through the event settings interface.

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The user can change the number of records displayed per page and filter data using the filters located in each column to the right of the header.

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Table columns marked with the icon [[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 21.00.49.png||height="34" width="28"]] are sortable. Columns marked with the icon [[image:1763010073904-370.png]] support searching. Columns **Object** and** Device** include built-in configuration trees, the IM tree and the device tree, respectively.

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Switching between logs is performed using the buttons located to the left of the logs table.

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The log offers several settings:

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The **Calendar **[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 21.01.54.png||height="31" width="259"]] opens a menu to set the period for which data is requested.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 21.02.39.png||height="47" width="174"]]

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- Exporting selected data to MS Excel.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 21.03.15.png||height="46" width="125"]]

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- Button to add a custom log.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 21.03.49.png]]

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- Buttons to edit and delete custom logs.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 21.04.26.png||height="37" width="187"]]

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- Buttons to control data refresh on the browser page. By default, all logs are static (unlike the Operative events journal described later), loading only the information available at page opening. The drop-down list in the auto-refresh field allows receiving new events at a selected interval.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 21.05.12.png||height="55" width="47"]]

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- Button to collapse the list of logs.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 21.05.47.png||height="49" width="49"]]

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- Button to configure log display, available only to users with Administrator rights by default. This opens the settings window (see Fig. 2.54) to set the row height and the method of displaying device paths. The user can choose how many tree levels to show, starting from the device, or hide starting from the tree root.

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[[image:Screenshot 2025-11-12 at 21.06.42.png]]

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Figure 2.54. Log display settings

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==== 2.4.1. Technology events ====

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The **Technology events** log displays events related to technological processes monitored by the system. These include any events specifically configured during system setup - each event is assigned a message text, logic based on tag values or data quality, and additional settings. Examples of such events include changes in the position of switching devices, opening/closing of dampers, and other technological process changes. Setpoints and control commands are also considered technology events.

2.4.2. Camcoders

The** Camcoders **is a log containing a list of recordings from video cameras stored on a dedicated video server. All video recordings are bound to objects in the information model, which simplifies the search for specific videos. Recordings can be viewed directly in the CENTO interface or downloaded to the User's computer. The log is available with the appropriate license

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Wiki source code of 1. User Manual

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